RESUMEN
Aims@#Due to the growing number of media reports claiming that books contain germs, it is crucial to look into the possibility that contagious diseases could spread through libraries. The aim of the study was to identify bacteria from various fomites in four Jordanian university libraries and to assess the antibacterial resistance pattern of isolates.@*Methodology and results@#In this study, swab samples were taken from different fomites of four Jordanian university libraries. Samples were then cultivated on nutrient agar and incubated aerobically at 37 °C for 48 h. To identify different types of isolated bacteria, biochemical and conventional biochemical tests were applied using the qualitative RapIDTM One System with the help of ERICTM software to identify the bacterial isolates at the species level. Identified bacterial species, including Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermis, S. aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Bacillus subtilis and Citrobacter freundii were isolated from different library fomites. Seventy-one bacterial isolates from University A were observed to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) (S. sonnei and S. choleraesuis). This MDR pattern is alarming as those isolates were found in a public environment and that imposes a direct threat on library users, staff and visitors.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#University libraries' fomites carry live bacterial pathogens, which can contaminate users' hands and serve as an indirect route for spreading antibiotic resistance and microbial illnesses. While more research is required, considering hand hygiene improvement would be the simplest infection control technique at libraries. Additionally, proactive measures should be taken to track the prevalence of harmful microorganisms in these settings and their effects on employees' and the public's health.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Enfermedades TransmisiblesRESUMEN
Introduction: The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of high intensity interval training [HIIT] and moderate-intensity continuous training [MICT] on vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in male Wistar rats
Materials and Methods: For this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats [250+/-20 gram] were divided in to 4 groups [n=6 each] basal control [n=6], 8 week controls [n=6], MICT [n=6], and HIIT [n=6] groups. The training program was running on the 4 treadmill for 8 weeks/5 days per week. Intensity of the MICT protocol was 50-75% of VO2 max, and the duration was approxinately 15 to 60 minutes, which progressively increased. The HIIT protocol was 4-8×1 min with 70-100% of VO2 max and 1 min recovery with 50-70% VO2 max, for a total duration of 15 to 23 minutes. Adipose tissue samples were removed 48 hours after the last training session and VEGF gene expression was measured by Real-Time PCR methods
Results: Results indicated that both MICT and HIIT induced significant increase in subcutaneous VEGF gene expression [P/=0.05]
Conclusion: Based on findings, the MICT protocol, HIIT exercise training in particular, has more effects on subcutaneous adipose tissue angiogenesis than on visceral adipose tissue
RESUMEN
Objectives: To study the reaction between a beta-diketone and dimethyl sulphoxide [DMSO]/acetic anhydride to synthesize a novel chemical entity
Methods: o-Hydroxyacetophenone was esterified with pchlorobenzoic acid using POCl[3]. The obtained ester was subjected to a B.V. rearrangement in a solution of KOH in pyridine solution under anhydrous conditions. This process produced a beta-diketone that was reacted with acetic anhydride in DMSO to give p-chloroflavone. The structures of all of the compounds were confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] spectral data. Further proof of the structure of the compound was obtained by cyclization of the diketone by heating it in a solution of sodium acetate in glacial acetic acid. The obtained compound was identical to the flavone obtained by reacting the beta-diketone with DMSO and acetic anhydride
Results: The beta-diketone obtained from the reaction of the ester of o-hydroxy acetophenone and p-chlorobenzoic acid was transformed to a flavone upon reaction with DMSO/acetic anhydride
Conclusion: beta-diketones can be cyclized with DMSO/ acetic anhydride to synthesize flavones
RESUMEN
Purpose: To compare the rate of recurrence in recurrent pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft and Mitomycin C application
Subjects and Methods: A comparative study was done over a period of one year, at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, which is a tertiary care eye hospital in Rawalpindi. Patients between 16 and 65 years of age were included in the study. They were divided into two age groups, one ranging from 16 - 40 years and the other ranging from 41-65 years. A total of 50 patients with recurrent pterygium were operated. Half of the patients were treated with Mitomycin C [MMC] application and half with free conjunctival autograft [CAGT] from the superotemporal bulbar conjunctiva of the same eye by one surgeon. All patients were followed up to 6 months after the surgery
Results: Both of the procedures showed a lower recurrence rate i.e. 16% with CAGT and 12% with MMC
Conclusions: Males showed more recurrences in both groups as compared to females. Younger age group is more susceptible to recurrences as compared to older age group. Most of the recurrences occurred within 6 to 12 weeks of surgery
RESUMEN
Touch therapy has been introduced as a nursing procedure although it is considered an alternative or complementary therapy as well .It's advocates, however, believe that, by this procedure which is a therapeutic use of self with special application of hands, patients feel much more comfort for better recovery. This procedure based on weber's conceptual framework of general energy field and Roger's conceptual framework of energy field and tauught by some us nursing colleges as National Institute of Health was introduced by Krieger, nursing professor of New York university, and her colleague. Basically, the procedure does not inrolve physical cantact and after assessing energy field changes in clients, the therapist uses his/her hand to conduct energy for restoring balance. Therefore, this procedure which is based on facilitating recovery and though coardinating the inner self of therapist and concentrating with a passionate will to help by hands has fundamental differences in presuppositions and way of look at human beings, the universe, and the concept of health and disease with laying on hands as a healing intervention and healing prayer, which exists in religious view. In this article, touch therapy, the way of its performance and its conceptual frameworks were introduced and compared with Islamic view points in this regard