[Comparing the effects of spontaneous pushing versus Valsalva pushing technique on outcome of delivery in primiparous women]

The valsalva pushing technique is used routinely in the second stage of labor in many countries, and it is accepted as standard obstetric method in Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of spontaneous pushing, versus, valsalva pushing technique in birth on outcome of delivery in primiparas. This clinical trial study was conducted on 100 primiparas. Samples were randomized to either a spontaneous pushing group [open glottis pushing while breathing out] or a valsalva type pushing group [closed glottis pushing while holding their breath]. The length of stages of delivery, perineal tears, postpartum hemorrhage and satisfaction were evaluated in mothers and apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were evaluated in newborns. Data were analyzed using statistical Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and independent t-test. The duration of expulsion phase of the second stage of labor was significantly longer in valsalva-type pushing [P=0.004]. The result indicated that the incidence of episiotomy in spontaneous pushing group [P=0.003] and postpartum hemorrhage in valsalva pushing group [P=0.002] was more. The baby fared better with spontaneous pushing, with higher 1- minute apgar score. After the birth, women expressed greater satisfaction with spontaneous pushing. Educating women for the spontaneous pushing technique in the first stage of labor and providing support for spontaneous pushing in the second stage result in a shorter second stage without interventions and in improved newborn outcomes

[ effect of chewing sugar free gum after elective cesarean-delivery on return of bowel function in primiparous women: a randomize clinical trial]

An important cause of delayed recovery from abdominal surgery is delay in return of bowel Function. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of chewing sugar free gum after elective Cesarean-delivery on return of bowel function in primiparous women in Hajar hospital of Shahrekord. In a randomized clinical trial, 120 patients, who were scheduled for elective cesarean were randomly allocated to 2 groups of gum-chewing group [n=60] and control group [n=60] postoperatively. The patients in the gum-chewing group chewed postoperatively sugar free gum 4 times daily as soon as they recovered from anesthesia till the time they passed flatus or defecated. Control group recieved routine postoperative dietary management. The mean scores of postoperative time interval to first hearing of normal bowel sounds, passage of flatus, defecation and sensation of bowel movement were compared between the two groups. The data were then analyzed using chi square and t-test [p<0.05]. The mean postoperative time interval to first hearing of normal intestinal sounds [6.5 +/- 1.5 versus 12.5 +/- 2.5 hours], the first passage of flatus [12.2 +/- 2.0 vs.22.4 +/- 4.1 hours], first sensation of bowel movement [7.4 +/- 1.7 versus 15.7 +/- 3.4 hours] and defecation [15.5 +/- 2.5 versus 23.4 +/- 4.8 hours] were significantly lower in the gum-chewing group compared with control group. [p<0.001]. The staying period in the hospital [0.96 +/- 0.18 versus 1.1 +/- 34 days] was significantly shorter in gum-chewing group. [p<0.001]. Chewing gum after elective Cesarean-delivery is safe, inexpensive and helpful which is well tolerated, and associated with rapid resumption of intestinal function and speeds recovery shorter hospital stay

Study of neuroprotective effects of green tea antioxidant on spinal cord injury of rat

Recent studies revealed the neuroprotective effects of green tea antioxidant on experimental cerebral ischemia, but these effects on spinal cord injury [SCI] has not yet been studied. Rats were randomly divided into three groups of 18 rats each as follows: sham group [laminectomy], control group [SCI] and experimental group [EGCG]. Spinal cord samples were taken 24 h after injury and studied for determination of lipid peroxidation levels and TUNEL reaction. Behavioral testing was performed weekly upto six weeks post-injury. Then, the rats were euthanized for histopathological assessment. The results showed that lipid peroxidation levels were significantly decreased in experimental group. EGCG significantly reduced TUNEL-positive rate. Also, EGCG reduced significantly lesion area, and improved behavioral function more than the control group. EGCG treatment decreased secondary spinal cord injury

[Progression trend comparison of labor in women of our day with the freidman curve]

Rapid development of science in determination of labor trend shows embossed differences in labor curve of these days and Friedman curve. These developments include lack of deceleration phase and quick progression in active phase due to the differences in age, race and increase of midwifery interventions during the delivery. This study was performed to compare modern labor curve with Friedman curve. The present descriptive study was performed on 665 parturient women who referred to Fasa Shariati hospital during one year. Inclusion and exclusion samples had not taken any sedation or induction for labor. Data were collected by educated midwives. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean of dilatation velocity [p<0.05] and stage of labor [p<0.05]. However, a significant difference was not observed between the active phase and third stage of labor. Also the mean of active phase and second stage of labor in both nulli and multipara women of today showed a significant difference with the women in the Friedman study [p<0.05]. This study shows that the labor curve of these days is different with Freidman labor curve and the maximum of dilatation velocity happens in over 5 cm. Therefore, it is suggested to avoid any early midwifery and surgery intervention before 5 cm dilatation

relation between socioeconomic factors with sexual dysfunctions in menopausal women

Although people at different age groups are involved in problems caused by soocioeconomic conditions but it is more monopoly at the sensitive age of menopause. The reason is that during this period people experience lack of social status as well as more responsibilities. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of socioeconomic factors on sexual dysfunctions. This is an analytic descriptive study for which the data were collected by cross-sectional method. In this study, 174 married menopausal women refering to health centers to receive health care were selected. The data were collected by questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods, x2 [th] Mantel Haenszel, and x2 test were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that variables such as socioeconomic status, education, husbands' education and job are associated with sexual dysfunction in menopausal period but husbands' job has no association with sexual dysfunction in menopausal period. Regarding the results, high education can bring about a better job, high income and promote social condition. As a result, suitable socioeconomic condition is the factor to prevent sexual disfunctions