Screening of renal diseases by urine analysis in primary school aged children at El-Gharbiya governorate-Egypt

Renal diseases are increasingly common causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Some of these diseases, if undetected and not treated early lead to debilitating chronic disease. Urinary tract infection are common in childhood, may be subclinical or present with non specific symptoms and signs and have the potential for long term complication. To assess the urine examination findings among a group of apparently healthy primary school aged Egyptian children between 5 and 12 years old and to ascertain the magnitude of renal diseases among them. A cross-sectional study carried out on 706 [333 boys and 373 girls] school aged children at primary school at El-Gharbiya governorate Egypt. A stratified random sample was selected from the students. All students enrolled in this study were subjected to complete clinical examination and a urine sample was taken and tested by using a urine dipstick test for protein, blood, glucose, nitrite and leukocyte in urine. Those students with persistent abnormal results with the 2[nd] urine dipstick test [after 15 days from 1[st] one] were examined by complete microscopic analysis, urine culture with antibiotic sensitivity for those with positive pus cells. With the initial urine dipstick test, we found 116 students [16.4%] of 706 [53 boys and 63 girls] they had abnormal urinary findings. Second dipstick test done for students with positive findings and revealed that 55 [7.8%] of 706 [26 boys and 29 girls] had abnormal urinary findings, followed by microscopic urine analysis that revealed that 35 [4.96%] students had abnormal urinary findings .Urine culture was done for 24 [3.4%] students that had urinary tract infection, 13 students were positive for E-coli and 3 were positive for staphylococci while 8 showed no growth. Abdominal ultrasound was done for the 35 students with urinary abnormalities by microscopic urine analysis, it showed 3 [0.42%] students of 706 had a positive findings [2 of them had cystitis and another case had bilateral renal gravels]. Urine abnormalities are a common finding among apparently healthy school aged children with pyouria and heamaturia[were the most prevailing abnormalities]. Urine analysis must be done for school children as a part of routine medical examination at the point of school entry and repeated as a screening for renal diseases at a relatively low cost providing a framework for further follow up that may help in the prevention and timely diagnosis of those with underlying renal diseases

Colorimetric determination of ramipril, enalapril maleate and fosinopril in their pharmaceutical formulations

Two new spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of three angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, namely, ramipril, enalapril maleate and fosinopril. The first method was based on the oxidation of the three drugs by Fe[III] in presence of 1.10-phenanthroline, the formed tris-[Fe-o-phen]complex in acetate buffer and optimum pH was measured at [lambda][max] 510 nm with linear relationship over concentration range from 6-50 micro gml[-1] and molar absorptivity 1.2x10[4] 1 mol[-1]cm[-1] for ramipril and enalapril maleate and 1.8x10[4] 1 mol[-1]cm[-1] for fosinopril. The second method was based on measuring the formed tris -[Fe-bipyridyl]complex in the same condition at [lambda][max] 540 nm with linear relationship in concentration range from 10-54 micro gml[-1] and molar absorptivity of 1.0x10[4] 1 mol[-1]cm[-1] for ramipril, 1.6x10[4] 1 mol[-1]cm[-1] for and enalapril maleate and 1.57x10 [4] mol[-1]cm[-1] for fosinopril. The two methods hold their accuracy and precision well when applied to the determination of the studied drugs in their dosage forms

Synthesis, surface active properties of some amphoteric and anionic surfactants derived from long-chain mono alkyl malonate

A series of N.N-dimethyl-1-aminoethyl-2-amido-alkyl malonate and N, N-bis-carboxymethyl-1-aminoethyl-2-amido alkyl malonate surfactants based on fatly alcohol have been synthesized. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by elemental and spectroscopic analysis. The critical micelle concentration, efficiency, effectiveness, surface tension reduction at the air/water interface, CmC/C20 ratios. standard free energy of micellization, wetting and foam stability of the surfactants were determined. The results suggested that the minimum area/surfactants molecule [Amin] for the investigated compounds decreased with increasing the incorporated anionic group in the molecule of surfactant. It was shown that wetting and foaming characteristics of amphoteric surfactants were significantly better than those observed for anionic ones

Comparative study between conventional blood culture method versus polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of neonatal septicemia

Neonatal septicemia represents a major clinical problem in neonatology with high morbidity and mortality rates despite the progress in neonatal intensive care and antibiotics. Clinical diagnosis of septicemia in newborn infants is not easy and there is no laboratory test with 100% specificity and sensitivity with the exception of blood culture, the results of which are not available for at least 48-72 hours. The purpose of this study was to compare the utility of a 16S rRNA PCR assay to that of the conventional blood culture for detecting bacteria in blood obtained from neonates suspected of having septicemia. The present work included 50 neonates with provisional diagnosis of neonatal septicemia and 25 non infected neonates as control group. For each neonate the following was done: Full history taking, full clinical diagnosis, routine investigations including complete blood cell count and C-reactive protein [CRP], conventional blood culture for isolation of the causative organism and its identification and lastly the polymerase chain reaction for detection of the 16S rRNA gene from blood of septicemic neonates. The results of this study showed that: Only thirty nine neonates [78%] of those diagnosed as having or suspected to have septicemia on clinical backgrounds had given positive blood culture results. The most common isolated organisms were Klebsiella pneumonia [41.02%], coagulase negative staphylococci [CoNS] [20.51%], E. coli [10.26%] and S. aureus [10.26%]. K. pneumonia was the commonest isolated organism in early onset infection while CoNS was the commonest in late onset infection. Thirty eight of cases with positive blood culture [97.44%], two cases with negative blood culture [18.18%] and one of the control group [4%] were positive by 16S rRNA PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for 16S rRNA PCR in relation to blood culture were 97.4, 91.7, 92.7 and 97.1%, respectively and the accuracy was 94.7%. These values were superior to that of CRP [89.7, 83.3, 85.4 and 88.2%, respectively with accuracy of 86.7%]. Our results suggested that 16S rRNA PCR is a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic test for ruling out neonatal septicemia

Diagnosis of endometriosis: a second look at the role of biochemical markers

To evaluate the accuracy of 3 markers CA-125, CA 19-9 and CRP in the diagnosis of endometriosis especially in virgins or unmarried women with dysmenorrheal and/or oleic pain. 50 no pregnant female patients in the reproductive age undergoing laparoscopy for infertility and/or chronic pelvic were included. Serum CA-125, CA 19-9 and VRP, were assayed twice; during the 1st 3 days of the menstrual cycle, and 7-10 days later. According to laparoscopic results, the study population was divided into: cases with early endometriosis group [I, 17 cases]; cases with advanced endometriosis included [group II, 19 cases]; cases with non-endometriotic pelvic inflammations/adhesions, [group III, 13 cases]; and cases with normal laparoscopic findings [group IV, II cases]. Serum levels of all markers were higher in endometriosis group compared to non-endometriotic inflammatory lesions and to controls. CA-125 was the most accurate when measured using during menstruation, CA 19-9 was the least accurate, while CRP menstrual/ preovulatory samples ratio was 100% accurate. Measurement of CRP during menstruation and it the revelatory period could provide an accurate marker for the diagnosis of endometriosis especially in airing or unmarried women with early disease

Laparoscopic hysterectomy versus vaginal hysterectomy

This study included 102 patients planned for hysterectomy. The age range was 39 to 51 years. The aim of the study is to compare laparoscopic total hysterectomy to vaginal hysterectomy. 60 cases were chosen for laparoscopic hysterectomy all of them were successful except 2 cases undergone abdominal hysterectomy due to extensive bleeding encoumtered during the operation, and 42 patients undergone vaginal hysterectomy. The operation time for the vaginal hysterectomy was significantly shorter than that of the total laparoscopic hysterectomy.The Blood loss was less with the vaginal hysterectomy compared to the laparoscopic total hysterectomy. The full recovery time was shorter for the vaginal hysterectomy, compared to the laparoscopic total hysterectomy. The Hospital stay and the retum to sexual function were the same for both types of hysterectomy. Pain was the onIy complication encountered in the group who undergone vaginal hysterectomy, accounting for 50% of cases. It was moderate and lasted for a maximmn of 10 days. Laparoscopic hysterectomy was accompanied by abdominal discomfort, shoulder tip pain, and lower abdominal stretch, sequelae of pneumoperitoneum. We conclude that, whenever possible, vaginal hysterectomy is a leading choice. However, in cases of extensive pelvic adhesions, stage III and IV of endometriosis, large ovarian endometriomata >5 cm in diameter and in postmenopausal women with short fornices, laparoscopic total hysterectomy is another good choice, which has minimal complications when performed by trained surgeons

Bacterial stem rot of dieffenbachia in Egypt

This work was carried out to isolate and identify the causal organism. Studies included also the host range of the organism. The causal organism was isolated from naturally infected stems of Dieffenbachia picta showing typical rot symptoms. All plants used for isolation were grown in the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture in Menia. Four isolates of motile, rod shaped, Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from soft rotted areas. The disease was induced by artificial inoculation of healthy stems of Dieffenbachia with any of these isolates. The bacterial isolates differed in their virulence. Host range studies revealed that the pathogen is able to produce soft rot on fruits or stems of eggplant, tomato, pepper, squash, potato tubers, carrot, turnip and table beet roots. Inoculated stems of chrysanthemum and potato became soft and the softened areas spread rapidly to cause wilting and death of affected plants. Stems of maize and cowpea show no symptoms and remain unaffected. Diagnostic tests and electron microscopic examination suggested that the pathogen as a new species for which the name Erwinia dieffenbachii is proposed. This is the first report on the occurrence of E. dieffenbachii in Egypt

Synthesis and spectral studies of some new pyrazolines and pyrazoles

A number of 3' -[3-aryl-2-methyl] pyrrol-5-yll-l' - aryl-2 propen-l'-ones 4-13 have been prepared and transformed into the corresponding arylhydrazones 14-28. These hydrazones were cyclized to the pyrazolines 29-43, which were oxidized to the corresponding pyrazoles 49-53. In addition, heating of the pyrazoline 42 with hydrazine hydrate afforded the hydrazide 46 while pyrazolines 41 and 42 gave the acids 47 and 48 upon hydrolysis. Spectral properties of the prepared compounds were discussed

Synthesis and spectral studies of 3-benzoyl-1, 2-dimethyl-5- [5-aryl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl] pyrrole

It has been reported that 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose hydrochloride condense with benzoylacetone to afford either 1 or 2 and it was shown tentatively [1] that structure 1 was the obtained one and this was confirmed earlier by us[2] as well as the work performed in our laboratory[3-6]

Synthesis and reactions of 3-substituted-2-methyl-5-furfural-acetone and ethyl-2,4-dioxo-6- [3'-Ethoxy carbonyl-2'methyl-furan-5'-yl] hex-5-enoate

3-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-5-furfuralacetone and the 3-acetyl analogue have been prepared. Their reactions with acyl and arylhydrazines and isomerisation of the prepared hydrazones to pyrazolines was carried out, which were converted to the corresponding brominated pyrazole derivatives by the action of bromine-water. In addition, ethyl-2, 4-dioxo-6-[3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methylfuran-5-yl]hex-5-enoate was prepared and reacted with hydrazines to afford the corresponding pyrazole 3-esters. The structure of the newly prepared compounds was confirmed by, elemental analysis, Hnmr, uv and ir spectra

Studies on some 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde-aroylhydrazones

A tautomerism involving some 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde-aroylhydrazones [I-V] was investigated using IR, and MS spectroscopy. Oxidative cyclization of compound IV using yellow mercuric oxide, magnesium oxide and iodine mixture gave the corresponding 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole VI

Mass spectra of furan-aroylhydrazone and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives

Mass spectral fragmentation patterns of some furan derivatives; namely, 3-erhoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-5-formyl-5 aroylhydrazones, 3-acetyl-2-methyl-5-formyl-5-benzoylhydrazone and 3-acetyl-2-methyl-5 [2-phenyl-1,3,.4-oxadiaz ol-5-yl] furans have been analyzed and discussed. It was found that the mode of fragmentation is affected by electronic effect of the substituent

Synthesis of certain 2,3-substituted N-4-hydroxyphenyl maleimides likely to possess antimicrobial properties

A series of certain novel 2,3-disubstituted N-[hydroxyphenyl] maleimides has been synthesized. The new compounds were tested for their expected antimicrobial properties, where it showed valuable effects. Structure assignment of the final compounds was established based on elemental and spectral analyses

Synthesis of thiosemicarbazones, thiazolines and thiazolidinones derived from Theophylline as potential anticancer agents

A series of novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives of theophylline was Synthesized, then cyclized to the corresponding thiazoline and thiazolidinone derivatives with the aim of obtaining new anticancer agents with diminished toxicity

Synthesis and reaction of 5- [6,6-dimethyl-1-4-oxo4, 5,6,7-teteahydroindol-2-yl] -1,3-diarylpyrazolines

A number of 3-[6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindol-2-yl]-1- aryl-2-propen-1-ones II-V have been prepared and transformed into the corresponding arylhydrazones VI-XI. The latter compounds were cyclized to the pyrazolines XII-XX, which were oxidized the corresponding pyrazoles XXI-XXIV. The spectral properties of the prepared compounds were discussed

Reactions of 6,6-dimethol-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2- [D-ara-Binotetrahydro xybutyl] indole

Various hydrazones, thiosemicarbazone and imino derivatives of 6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2 [D-arabinotetrahydroxybutyl] indole have been successfully synthesized and some of the products were acetylated into the tetraacetate derivatives. IR, PMR and 13C- NMR spectra of some products were studied

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel aryloxymethyloxadiazines

A novel series of ethyl 2-aryloxymethyl-5-oxo-6H-1,3,4-oxadiazine 6-carboxylates, 2-aryloxymethyl-6-substituted-aminocarbonyl-6H- 1,3,4-oxadiazin-5 [4H] ones and 2-aryloxymethyl-6-substituted phenyl-6H- 1,3,4-oxadiazines have been synthesized. Ten of the prepared new compounds were screened for their appropriate antimicrobial properties, where they showed a distinguished high potent activity. H1-NMR, IR and microanalyses were adopted for establishment of the chemical structures of the products

Serum bilirubin level in newborn of diabetic and hypertensive mothers

A total number of 140 newborn infants were studied for bilirubin levels. They were divided to forty infants of diabetic mothers [20 oxytocin induced labour and 20 oxytocin augmented], 40 infants of hypertensive mothers [20 oxytocin induced and 20 augmented labours] and 60 controls [20 induced, 20 augmented and 20 with no oxytocin given]. It was found that total and unconjugated bilirubin levels were higher in infants delivered after induction of labour, whether they were diabetic, hypertensive or not, than in infants of non induced labours. Bilirubin levels were also mildly high in infants of augmented diabetics after delivery which was nullified after 24 hours. These results suggest that the increased bilirubin levels are related to induced labours rather than to the medical problem of the mothers, provided that the newborns are of average weight