[Comparison of chemical compositions of the Tanacetum sonbolii essential oils using head space sorptive extraction and hydrodistillation methods]

Tanacetum sonbolii Mozaff. is an endemic species of Tanacetum growing in Iran, west Azerbaijan. The composition of its essential oil can be varied due to conditions of selected extraction method. Thus, the selection of suitable extraction method is very effective to obtain essential oil in native state. The purpose of this study is to apply head space sorptive extraction method at ambient and high temperature condition for essential oil extraction of Tanacetum sonbolii Mozaff. The compositions of extracted essential oils were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Also, solvent, temperature and time of desorption step and time of sorption step that influence on extraction efficiency were optimized. Results indicated that temperature of extraction method had significant effects on essential oil content. Using hydrodistillation method, 26 components, representing 96.5% of the oil were indentified but only 6 compounds [95.6% of the oil] were found in essential oil using HS-SE at real condition [23 °C]. Comparison of the major components percent levels of essential oils were shown that 81% of HS-SE essential oil is beta- and alpha-pinene. While using hydrodistillation method, about 50% of essential oil is sesquirerpenes such as alpha-cadinol and globulol. The sampling of essential oils at 23°C by HS-SE compared to conventional extraction methods at high temperature [such as hydrodistillation] caused to have different extractions results

Repair of iatrogenic large colon perforation using laparoscopic methods. Case report and review of the literature

Iatrogenic perforation of the colon during elective colonoscopy is a serious complication. Surgical treatment remains the standard of care. We report a patient with a large colonic perforation that occurred during a screening colonoscopy, successfully repaired with laparoscopic methods. Although the safety and efficacy of this approach is not entirely established, laparoscopy can be used to treat iatrogenic colonic perforation when the defect is readily recognized, easily accessible for closure and the bowel preparation is excellent. A laparoscopic approach to treat iatrogenic colon perforation results in decreased morbidity and hospital stay, in addition to a shorter incision length compared to an open method. In those cases where it is feasible and the surgical skill exists, a laparoscopic attempt at colon repair should probably be the initial clinical approach