[Health promotion behaviors and its correlation with anxiety and some students' demographic factors of alborz university of medical sciences]

Introduction: Health promotion behavior is one of the health criteria. On the other hand, depression, anxiety and stress are the most common psychological problems among students. The aim of this study was to determine health promotion behaviors and its relation with anxiety and some students' demographic factors of Alborz University of Medical Sciences

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 160 students of the Alborz university were selected through simple random sampling method. The data collection instruments was a demographic questionnaire, [Spielberger Anxiety Inventory] with 40 items and Health- Promoting Lifestyle Profile II [HPLP-II] questionnaire with 52 questions

The validity of instruments was determined by content validity and the reliability was obtained by internal consistency and alpha Cronbach coefficient for Spielberger Anxiety Inventory [alpha=0.90] and for [HPLP-II] questionnaire [alpha=0.92]

The data was analyzed with SPSS/18

Findings: Anxiety prevalence among students was 58.9 percent in this study. Among subsets of health promoting behaviors, spiritual growth index with a mean [2.99???0.56] and physical activity index with a mean [2.16???0.64], were assigned to the highest and lowest scores, respectively. Between health promoting behaviors and gender [P<0.0001] and being native and study of non-school related books [P=0.001] a significant relationship was found. The relation between anxiety and health promoting behavior was decreasing; hence the strongest significant relationship was between anxiety and spiritual development index [-0.56]

Conclusion: The results indicate anxiety among over than half of students, reverse relationship between health promoting behaviors and anxiety and inappropriate health behaviors, especially in the aspects of health promoting physical activity and nutrition among students. Conducting this research in other universities is recommended

[Effect of Methocarbamol on postoperative pain following cholecystectomy]

Post pain operative is common and a major complication which lead to numerous dangerous effects in various organs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of methocarbamol on postoperative pain following cholecystectomy. In a randomized, double - blind clinical trail study 60 ASA I, II patient in two group [n=30 in each group] between 30-50 years old and weigh lower of 100kg undergone general anesthesia for cholecystectomy. Elective surgery was selected in Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran during 2008. Both group did not receive premedication and under similar condition of general anesthesia. Interventional group received 500mg Methocarbamol intravenus slowly and the control group received 5ml placebo slowly after operation. The pain score were measured by visual anesthesia scale [VAS] on the 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation and if necessitated narcotics [PRN, VAS>4] were prescribed. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, ANOVA, Chi-Square and student's t-tests. There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of age, gender. The mean of score pain was lower for interventional group at 6.24 hours after operation [P<0.05]. But no significant differences was observed at 1, 3 and 12 hours. The prescribe narcotic in interventional group was lower compared to controls [P<0.05]. According to analgesic effects and low prescribe narcotics, it is suggested to use methocarbamol after operative due to analgesic effect

[ relationship between adherence to treatment regimen and prayer in hemodialysis patients]

Adherence is important for the health and well-being of patients on long-term hemodialysis therapy. Many factors such as spirituality and prayer have been hypothesized to have an effect on adherence in these patients. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine relationship between adherence and prayer in hemodialysis patients. A descriptive - correlational, cross-sectional design was used in this study. Two hundred patients with renal failure on hemodialysis, being treated at educational centers of Iran University of medical sciences, participated in the study. The subjects were selected by census method. Data were collected using the Adapted Prayer Scale [APS] based on Poloma and Pendleton's [1991] prayer scale, a demographic form and reviewing medical charts. Validity of the questionnaire was determined by content validity method and reliability of this instrument was demonstrated by a Cronbach's alpha [r = 0.80]. The data were analyzed by SPSS-14. Overall patients had dietary and medication adherence [> 50%]. But less than half had compliance to fluid restriction [44%]. Many of them used prayer [62%]. There were relationship between blood urea nitrogen and intra-dialytic weight gain with prayer p<0.05]. But, prayer was not correlated with potassium and phosphorus [p>0.05]. This study indicated the association between dietary and fluid adherence with prayer. Therefore nurses and health worker for should encourage patients to practice prayer to improve adherence and quality of life

[ effects of expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning on airway-secretion removal in mechanically ventilated patients]

Endotracheal suctioning is one of the most frequently used methods for airway clearance in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest physiotherapy techniques before endotracheal suctioning can be used to facilitate mobilizing and removing airway secretions. The study was conducted to determine the effects of expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning on airway-secretion removal in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. A clinical trial study design was undertaken with a sample of 70 mechanically ventilated patients drawn from intensive care units and emergency department of Hazrat-e Rasool Hospital in Tehran. They were selected through purposive convenience sampling. All participants received two endotracheal suctioning with and without rib cage compression. There was at least three hours interval between the two interventions. Expiratory rib cage compression was performed for five minutes before endotracheal suctioning. Sputum was collected in a pre-weighed sputum trap attached to the suction catheter. Data were collected using data recording sheet. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software data [version 11.5], using Paired T-test. Mean of removed airway-secretions by rib cage compression was 3.66 compare to 3.21 without rib cage compression. Significant differences in airway-secretion removal between the two methods [P<0.0001] were demonstrated. Findings indicated that expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning improves airway-secretion removal, compare to performing only endotracheal suctioning. The study recommends performing expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning in patients receiving mechanical ventilation

[ effects of endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gases in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a before-after open clinical trial]

Endotracheal suctioning is one of the most frequently used methods for airway clearance in patients receiving mechanical ventilation but there are controversial findings regarding its effects on arterial blood gases in mechanically ventilated patients. This study was carried out to determine the effects of endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gases in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. This research was a before-after open clinical trial study. The subjects consisted of 70 mechanically ventilated patients who were admitted to intensive care units and emergency department of Hazrat-Rasool Hospital in Tehran. Subjects were selected with purposive convenience sampling. The patients received endotracheal suctioning. Arterial blood gases were measured 5 minutes before and 25 minutes after endotracheal suctioning. Data were recorded on the data-recording sheet. Data were analyzed utilizing Wilcoxon and paired t-tests. There were significant differences in the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen [Pao2/Fio2], Paco2, and arterial oxygen saturation [Sao2] between before and after endotracheal suctioning [p=0.000]. As findings showed that endotracheal suctioning improves arterial blood gases exchanges in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, so performing endotracheal suctioning in mechanically ventilated patients is recommended

[Preoperative worries and its association with sleep disturbances in children admitted for surgery to Kerman medical university hospitals]

Preoperative worries can have adverse impacts in children. It has associations with a number of behavioral disturbances after the surgery. Considering the rate of 65% of children candidates for surgery, suffering from preoperative worries, recognition of worries relationship with behavioral disturbances has great impotence. It could help nurses to diagnose such complications better in order to have a proper plan for reducing preoperative worries and disturbances after surgery. The study aimed at determining the association of preoperative worries and sleep disturbances in children undergo surgery in hospitals affiliated to Kerman Medical University. A correlational descriptive - analytic study was conducted cross-sectionally. A total of 309 children, aged 8-14 years old were who had undergone general anesthesia and surgery, participated in the study. Data were collected through standard preoperative worries questionnaire in four dimensions of disease, surgery, hospitalization and injection procedures, and sleep disturbances questionnaire [researcher-made] in 4 domains of general sleep disturbances, disturbances prior to sleep, disturbances during sleep and disturbances after sleep. All statistics were computed using the SPSS software [version 13]. ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients were used as statistical tests for analysis. Among 309 participants, 118 were female and 191 males. Their mean age was 10.64 years old. 14 years old participants had the minimum scores of worries and 12 years old ones, the maximum. The results showed a significant correlation between preoperative worried and sleep disturbances after surgery [r=0.31]. The children who underwent respiratory surgery had the highest levels of worries and the children with mass resection surgery showed the lowest levels of worries. Also, the children who had come from other provinces expressed more worries. A negative correlation was found between worries scores and age [P<0.05] but no significant correlation between worries scores hospitalized care units and residential place [P<0.05]. Worried related factors had significantly positive correlation with age, gender and kind of surgery [P<0.05]. The study revealed that children experience fear and worries in surgery which is directly associated with their sleep disturbances. The study calls for more investigation on different aspects of issue. Nurses should provide plans for decreasing levels of children and their parents' worries in collaboration with other health team members and make it as an acting plan for taking care of such children

effects of expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gases in patients under mechanical ventilation

Endotracheal suctioning is one of the most frequently used methods for airway clearance in patients under mechanical ventilation. Chest physiotherapy techniques such as expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning can be used as a means to facilitate mobilizing and removing airway secretions and improving alveolar ventilation. This study was carried out to determine the effects of expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gases in patients mechanically ventilated patients. This research was a clinical trial study with a crossover design. The subjects consisted of 70 [35 females, 35 males] mechanically ventilated patients who were admitted to medical and surgical intensive care units and emergency department of Hazrat- Rasool Hospital in Tehran. Subjects were selected with consecutive sampling. The patients received endotracheal suctioning with and without rib cage compression, with a minimum 3- hours interval between the two interventions. Expiratory rib cage compression was performed for 5 minutes before endotracheal suctioning. Arterial blood gases were measured 5 minutes before and 25 minutes after endotracheal suctioning. Data were recorded on the data recording sheet. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and paired t-tests. There were a statistically significant differences in the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen [Pao2/Fio2], Paco2, and arterial oxygen saturation [Sao2] between before and after endotracheal suctioning in both methods [endotracheal suctioning with and without rib cage compression] [p=0.000]. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen [P=0.000], Paco2 [P=0.048], and arterial oxygen saturation [P=0.000] between the two methods. Findings showed that expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning improves arterial blood gases exchanges in patients under mechanical ventilation, so, performing expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning in these patients is recommended