investigation on facial and cranial anthropometric measurements among 20-35 year old individuals in the city of Mashhad

Anthropology is the science of body sizes evaluation in living people. The science could be useful in diagnosis of diseases especially syndromes. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the mean value of 20 craniofacial anthropometric parameters among 20-35 year old individuals of both sexes in the city of Mashhad. This cross sectional analytical study was carried out among 160 skeletal class I adults with normal face height, including 80 men and 80 women between 20 and 35 years of age. Twenty anthropometric parameters of the craniofacial complex [16 facial and 4 cranial] were measured on each subject by use of digital sliding catiper and soft measuring tape. Finally, the mean value of these parameters were determined according to sex, Furthermore, the mean anthropometric measurements of Iranians was compared with Canadians. Student-t test was used for comparing the measured values. In this study, all measurements in men were significantly greater than women [P<0.05]. On the other hand, anthropometric measurements in Iranians and Canadians were significantly different, except for n'-gn' and zy'-zy' in men and t-gn'-t and ft'-ft' in women. This study showed that all of the anthropometric measurements in women are smaller than men in the city of Mashhad. Furthermore it was revealed that in Mashhad young adults, soft tissue glabella and subnasal in relation to tragion were more retruded than Canadians, also the width and height of face in females in Mashhad were significantly greater than Canadian young women

Abortion for keeping mothers alive

Abortion is one of the topics discussed form different points of view, such as Islamic Law, Jurisprudence, and criminal law. If the fetus isat the sthtrimatn and ramains in the uterus threaten mother's life, according to Islamic law and Jurisprudence, it should be removed from the uterus and taken care of in certain devices. In this case, we deal with the phenomena of fetus transfer rather than abortion. On the other hand, if the fetus is still dependent on the mother and remains at an embryonic stage of development, whether it has life or not, if it threatens the mother's life and one of them is preferred over other, one of them should be selected. The Jurists believe that the one who is less likely to live on should be aborted, and should they have an equal chance to live on, one of them should be sacrificed on the basis of a reasonable decision.Therefore, under this circumstance, if the doctor or the mother performs abortion, he/she has not acted against Islamic law. Of course, if the abortion is performed, the due compensation should be paid if it is demanded by the family. But the present penal laws in our country allow aboriton only when the mother is in danger and the fetus is inanimate. It holds true while the dynamic principles derived from Shiah Fegh have entirely made clear what measuress both the mother and the doctor should take if the fetus is animat. It is hoped that law makers in our country will revise the laws related to abortion, put an end to the confusion of those involved, and therefore, prevent some types of unsafe and illegal methods