[ combined effect of lysozyme and zataria multiflora essential oil on vibrio parahaemolyticus]

Various studies have been conducted to show the effects of essences and enzymes on foodborne pathogens in culture media. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and lysozyme alone and in combination on preventing growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in culture media. In this study, the MIC of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and lysozyme, together and alone, on Vibrio parahaemolyticus, was determined by using macro and microdilution methods. The MIC of Zataria multiflora essential oil determined 0.01% and 0.02% by using macro and microdilution methods, respectively and lysozyme at 1000 mg/mL concentration could not inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. According to the results of current study, Zataria multiflora essential oil showed better results in comparison with lysozyme, moreover Applying lysozyme and essential oil together did not decrease MIC, but extended the latent phase of V. parahaemolyticus, which considered an important factor in microbiology

[Effectiveness of reflection in clinical education: nursing students' perspective]

Reflection has been emphasized as an effective educational strategy in clinical settings. Although this educational tool lead to promotion of skills and knowledge in nursing students but is rarely used. The aim of the present study was to determine the viewpoints of nursing students toward reflection in clinical education. It was a quasi-experimental study with one group, post- test design. The sample consisted of 35 senior nursing students recruited by census. The students were asked to reflect on their performance in clinical settings for four consecutive weeks. A guide for reflective thinking was given to students and they were asked to write their reflections about clinical care in personal journals. Data was collected by a self-constructed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS-PC [v. 11.5]. Personal domain of reflection was the most prominent subscale from the students' perspective [13.9 +/- 2.2]. Most of students [84.3%] believed that reflection has influenced their sense of empowerment and self-esteem. There was significant relationships between the students' perspective in all domains and their age [p<0.05]. There were also significant relationships between academic achievement, the score of personal domain and interest in nursing [p<0.05]. Reflection empowers nursing students and improves their self-esteem from their perspective. Employing this method in nursing clinical education is recommended

[Study of deafness associated with DFNB59 gene [Pejvakin] mutation in Fars province]

Hearing loss is the most frequent sensory disorder affecting 1 in 500 neonates with more than 50% of inherited cases. This trait is a very heterogeneous disorder and happens due to genetic or environmental causes or both. More than 46 genes may be involved in non-syndromic hearing loss. Recently, DFNB 59 gene has been shown to cause deafness in some Iranian populations. The aim of this study was to determine the role of DFNB 59 gene mutations causing deafness in a group of 130 deaf pupils in Fars province. This descriptive-laboratory based study investigated the frequency of DFNB59 gene mutations using PCR-SSCP/HA strategy. Two different DFNB59 polymorphism including 874G>A and 793C>G were found in 1 and 9 of 130 patients studied respectively. However, no DFNB59 mutation was identified. The results of this study shows that the association of DFNB59 mutations with deafness in Fars province is very low

Prevalence of celiac disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Celiac disease [CD] may be misdiagnosed as Irritable Bowel Syndrome [IBS] resulting in long delays in diagnosing CD. There are contradictory reports on the association of CD with IBS. Appropriateness of screening all patients with IBS for CD and how to screen them are still under question. In a cross-sectional study, 328 IBS patients [Rome II] referred to the Poursina Hakim Gastroenterology Clinic were investigated for CD. Total serum anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA [anti-tTG IgA] concentration was measured in all patients. In IgA deficient cases, antigliadin antibody [AGA] IgG concentration was also measured. Moreover, in patients who underwent upper endoscopy [as their necessary workup] duodenal biopsies were taken. Fifty-eight patients were excluded. The remaining patients were 166 [61.5%] women and 104 [38.5%] men with the mean age of 35.3 years [SD = 11.8]. No one had positive serological test of IgA anti tTG antibody. Five patients were IgA deficient; none of them had positive IgG AGA. Duodenal biopsies were taken in 60 patients and pathologic evaluation showed 53Marsh 0, three Marsh I, three Marsh II, and one Marsh IIIa. Only the patient with Marsh IIIa adhered to gluten-free diet [GFD] which led to decrease in severity of symptoms. In patients who did not adhere to GFD, no one had positive serological test after 12 months of follow-up. Prevalence of CD in patients with IBS referred to outpatient gastroenterology clinic might be significant but serum anti-tTG IgA antibody is not helpful in detecting CD in these patients. Further studies are needed to clarify this issue

[Using two different drug regimens to compare and evaluate the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] after abdominal hysterectomy using general anesthesia]

Postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] is a major unpleasant symptom in the postoperative period that has many causes, including the choice of anaesthetic drugs and induction. The prevention of PONV is considered as equally important as the prevention of postoperative pain. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of PONV after abdominal hysterectomy using general anesthesia. To this end, the roles of two different drugs regimens, Propofol and Tiopental Sodium, were studied. This single-blinded clinical research study was carried out in Ariya Hospital during the years of 1387 and 1388 [H.S.]. For this study, 104 ASA class I or II women, aged 30-60 years, were scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy by the same surgeon. The operation lasted about 25 to 30 minutes. The samples of the study were randomized into one of two groups: Group P [n=52] who received the induction of 2 mg/kg Propofol with the maintenance of 5 mg/kg/hr of Propofol. On the other hand, group T [n=52] were given the induction of 5 mg/kg Tiopental Sodium with the maintenance of 0.5 MAC Halothane. All the patients received 4 micro g/kg Fentanyl, 0.6 mg/kg Atracurium and the ventilation was controlled at O2/N2O 50/50. The number of patients suffering from nausea and/or vomiting at the recovery room was recorded within 6 and 24 hours after the operation. The data were then statistically analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. After the operations, the number of patients experiencing nausea at the recovery room was%5.8 [n=3] for group P and%59.6 [n=31] for group T [P=0.001].%5.8 [n=3] of the patients in group P were vomiting while 28.8% [n=15] in group T [P=0.003] had that experience. The number of patients experiencing nausea within 6 hours after the operation was%55.8 [n=29] for group P and%67.3 [n=35] for group T [P=0.314]. In terms of vomiting in 6 hours of postoperation,%21.2 [n=11] of the patients in group P and%38.5 [n=20] in group T were having the experience [P=0.085]. Also, the results indicate that the number of patients experiencing nausea within 24 hours of postoperation was%3.8 [n=2] for group P and%32.7 [n=17] for group T [P=0.001]. However,%1.9 [n=1] of the patients in group P and%5.8 [n=3] in group T [P=0.618] were suffering from vomiting at the recovery room were significantly lower in group P than in group T, but the difference in 6 hours after operation was insignificant. Also, the prevalence of nausea in 24 hours after operation was significantly lower in group P than in group T, but the difference in terms of vomiting within the same period was insignificant. For women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, the choice of induction and maintenance of general anesthesia with Propofol provides a better prophylaxis against PONV than the induction with Thiopental Sodium with the maintenance of Halothane

Parasites of the eyes of fresh and brackish water fishes in Iran

In the present investigation a total of six parasite species, some eye-specific and others non-organ specific parasites were found in the eyes of 48 examined fish species, collected from fresh and brackish waters of Iran during 2004-2006. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was isolated from the external surface of the eyes of Oncorhynchus mykiss, Gyrodactylus stankovici from Cyprinus carpio and Lernaea cyprinacea from Cyprinus carpio and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. In the vitreous humor parasite species were Tylodelphys clavata [metacercaria] observed in H. molitrix, Alburnus alburnus, Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Chondrostoma regium, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Capoeta capoeta, and Ornithodiplostomum sp. [metacercaria] in Aphanius vladykovi. Diplostomum spathaceum [metacercaria] was found in the lens of eyes of 40 out of 48 fish species. Among parasite species identified, Tylodelphys clavata and Ornithodiplostomum sp. are recorded in Iran for the first time. Additionally, the geographical distribution and host range of Diplostomum spathaceum metacercaria is also presented in this study