[Frequency of thrombophilia gene polymorphisms: factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, methylenetetrahydrofolate-reductase and platelet PLA2 antigen in Shahrekord]

Inherited thrombophilic gene polymorphisms have been related to the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism and its outcomes. Considering the scarcity of data on the frequency of the thrombophilic gene polymorphisms in Iranian populations, the aim of this study was to assess such polymorphisms in healthy individuals. This cross-sectional study was performed on 304 healthy blood donors with no history of venous thromboembolism in Shahrekord. Venous blood was collected in EDTA-treated tubes and then, genotyping of the factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, MTHFR C677T and PLA2 polymorphisms was done using PCR - RFLP. Six [1.97%] cases were heterozygous for factor V Leiden and one was homozygous. Ninty-four [30.92%] and 11 [3.62%] subjects were heterozygous and homozygous for MTHFR C677T, respectively. Two [0.6%] cases were heterozygous for prothrombin G20210A and there was no homozygous case. Twenty-eight [9.2%] and 2 [0.6%] cases were heterozygous and homozygous for PLA2, respectively. In addition, 44.6% of the study population and 14.5%, with the deletion of MTHFR C677T, carried at least one thrombophilia polymorphism. The frequency of thrombophilia polymorphisms is different from the previously published data in Caucasians and also the limited existing data in Kermanshah [Iran]. Moreover, the discrepancies may be associated with the ethnic differences and sample selection

[ inhibitory effects of Eucalyptus extract on Herpes simplex virus-1 replication in baby hamster kidney cells]

In recent years, following the increasing of drug resistant strain of viruses, there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural substances with antiviral activity and low side effects. One of these herbal medicines, Eucaliptus, has shown some therapeutic effects including antibacterial and antiviral activities. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of hydroalchoholic extract of Eucaliptus on Herpes simplex virus-1 [HSV-1] in vitro. In this experimental study, the hydroalchoholic extract of Eucalyptus leaves was prepared using 70% ethanol through maceration method. Baby Hamster Kidney [BHK] cells were grown in monolayer culture with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM] supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum and plated onto 48-well culture plates. 50% cytotoxic concentration [CC50%] of the extract on BHK cells was determined, and subsequently 50% inhibitory concentration [IC50%] of the herbal extract on replication of HSV-1 both in extracellular and intracellular cases was assessed. Based on Probit analysis, CC50% of the extract was 0.650mg/ml. Significant relationships between the concentration of the extract and cell death in the cell studied were shown using the Probit model [p<0.01]. IC50s of the extract on the virus before cellular attachment and after entering the cells were 456.82 micro g/ml and 180.75micro g/ml, respectively. Based on the model, with increasing the extract concentration, the percentage of inhibition of cytopathic effect [CPE] in both stages was increased [p<0.05]. Based on the findings of this study, hydroalchoholic extract of Eucaliptus could be probably an appropriate anti herpetic herbal medicine

inhibitory effect of quercqus persica l extract on herpes simplex virus-1 replication on baby hamster kidney cells

In the recent years, following the increase of drug resistant strain of viruses, there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural substances with antiviral activity with fewer side effects. One of these herbal medicines, Quercqus persica L, has shown some therapeutic effects, such as anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of hydroalcoholic extract of this plant on Herpes simplex virus-1 [HSV-1]. In this interventional study conducted at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2010, the hydroalcoholic extract of Quercqus persica L. was prepared using 70% ethanol by the maceration method. Baby Hamster Kidney [BHK] cells were grown in monolayer culture with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM] supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum and plated into 48-well culture plates. Fifty percent of cytotoxic concentration [CC50%] of the extract on BHK cells was determined and subsequently, 50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50%] of the herbal extract on replication of HSV-1 both in extracellular and interacellular cases were assessed. The statistical data was analyzed by the SPSS software using Probit analysis. Based on Probit analysis, the extract had no cyto-toxicity up to concentration of 200 mg/ml. ICSOs of the extract on the virus before cellular attachment and after entering the cells were 1.2 and 0.257 mg/ml, respectively. Based on the model, with the increasing of the extract concentration, the percentage of inhibition of cytopathic effect [CPE] in both of the stages were increased [p<0.05]. In addition to low cytotoxicity, hydroalcoholic extract of Quercqus persica L. has promising inhibitory effects on HSV-1 replication in cell culture. Thus, it should be considered as a promising herbal medicine and should be thoroughly evaluated through a comprehensive study

[Clinical and para clinical evaluation of peripheral nerves in patients with HTLV1 associated myelopathy]

The main neurological manifestation of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 [HTLV-1] is spastic Paraparesis, of progressive nature, also known as HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy [HAM] or Tropical Spastic Paraparesis [TSP]. Despite various CNS complications described in HAM/TSP a relatively little attention has been directed toward disorders of the peripheral nervous system [PNS]. The aim of this study was evaluation of HAM/TSP patients about concomitant neuropathy by clinical and neurophysiologic methods. In this descriptive Study 73 Patients with HTLV1 associated myelopathy in Neurology Clinic of Ghaem Hospital were assesed by clinical and neorophysiologic evaluations in 2002-2004. Questionnaire was completed for each patient, and then Median and Ulnar nerves from the upper extremity and Proneal, Tibial and Sural nerves from the lower extremity were evaluated by electrophysiological studies [NCV]. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables. 65.8% of patients were clinically suspected to neuropathy. In 54.8% of patients with HAM/TSP, there was concomitant peripheral nerve disease. Mononeuropathy in 15 [20.54%], multiplex mononeuropathy in 5 [6.8%], motor sensory polyneuropathy in 17 [23.3%], motor polyneuropathy in 2 [2.7%] and sensory polyneuropathy in 2[2.7%] of patients were present. According to this study electrophysiological compromise of the peripheral nerve is frequent in patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Furthermore, electrophysiological compromise could arise even when the patient did not present clinical manifestations denoting this kind of problem. Hence, the study of nerve conduction has to become a routine test for patients with HAM/TSP

[Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in male individuals with hypertriglecamic waist phenotype]

Metabolic Triad is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases [CVDs] which has an effective, determinant effect on these diseases. Hypertriglyceridemia and abdominal obesity [waist circumference] are among CVDs risk factors and the increase of these factors can predict the occurrence of TM. This project was aimed to investigate the relation of high phenotype triglycerid and waist circumference with CVD risk factors. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in the year 2005, in Isfahan, 6123 men were selected based on the results of IHHP's phase I by random-cluster sampling method. Their blood sugar and blood lipids measured by blood sampling. Also, their blood pressure, waist circumference, height and weight measured. They were divided into 4 groups based on their tryglycerid and waist circumference: TgHWH group [TG >/= 165mg/dl, waist circumference >/= 102cm], TgHWL group [TG >/= 165mg/dl, waist circumference <102cm], TgLWL group [TG<165mg/dl, waist circumference<102cm] and TgLWH group [TG<165mg/dl, waist circumference >/= 102cm]. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. The variables of these four groups studied by variance test. Regression logestic test, used to determine the prevalence of risk factors. Theprevalence of risk factors in TgHWH group was higher than other groups and in TgLWL group lower than others. Also, it differed significantly these groups. The prevalence of TgHWH in the studied population recorded as 20.8%. Cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, Body mass index, and Blood Pressure in this group were higher and the mean HDL, was lower than others. In large population, it is impossible or non-economiccal and time consuming to evaluate all risk factors, in order to predict other CVD risk factors and to determine high risk people. However, according to the high prevalence of risk factors in people with TghWh, this phenotype can be used as a simple tool for evaluation in larger population

[ etiologic study of acute non traumatic myelopathy in patients who admitted in neurology emergency of Ghaem hospital [2002-2005]]

Acute myelopathy is defined as an acute spinal cord dysfunction initiated during less than 2 weeks. Many of these spinal cord dysfunctions are reversible if quickly recognized and treated, on the contrary. If recognized late, irreversible damages are expected. In this prospective, descriptive, cross - sectional study which done in patients who admitted in neurology emergency of Ghaem hospital [2002 - 2005], we supposed acute myelopathy base on history and Clinical findings for patients with paraparesia or tetraparesia and we completed questionnaire for all them. Based on laboratory findings, X-ray, MRI, Cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] and pathology, etiology of acute myelopathy was definited or was strong probability. From 42 cases with acute myelophathy, 19 cases [45%] had myelitis, 16 cases [37%] was secondary to tumor, 5 cases [12.5%] vascular, 1 case [2.5%] structural [stenosis of spinal cord canal due to klipple fiels], 1 case [2.5%] central herniation. Results from this study [like other studies] indicate that non - infectious myelitis is the most common etiology of acute myelopathy but in this study post - infectious myelitis was observed more than MS as the etiologic agent of acute myelopathy; but in other studies , MS was most common agent

[Cerebral venus thrombosis in association with HSV1 encephalitis report of 1 case]

Encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus [HSV] is the most important cause of fatal Sporadic encephalitis that prompt diagnosis is necessary because there is effective antiviral treatment for this disorder. In the fatal cases, severe meningoencephalitis is associated with diffuse destructive changes in the brain tissue and is following the reactivation of latent virus.Recent studies demonstrate increased hypercoagulopathy state due to HSV infection in the endothelium and footprints of virus has been found in the vascular thrombosis. In this issue, one of the very rare manifestations of HSV encephalitis, which has so far been reported in a neonate, is presented. The patient presented with the signs of encephalitis including stupor state and agitation, headache, seizure and neck stiffness. The diagnosis of HSV encephalitis is confirmed by the PCR test of CSF fluid .MRI and MR venography of the patient's brain demonstrated the thrombosis of sagital, rectus and lateral venous sinus. The patient survived with the specific treatments. Herpes simplex virus type 1 can be a cause for the development of cerebral Venus thrombosis. This case report is a conformation for the studies demonstrating hypercoagulopathy state in the setting of HSV infection