Vesico-vaginal fistula: interposition flap, a key to success

Vesico-vaginal Fistula [VVF] is an abnormal communication between bladder and vagina that causes continuous discharge of urine into vaginal vault. The objective of this study is to describe current trends of aetiology and repair of Vesico-vaginal Fistulae. This is a Descriptive Study, conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi and Combined Military Hospital, Kharian between May 2001 and May 2007. All patients diagnosed as cases of vesico-vaginal fistulae were included in the study. Their demographic profile and repair success was determined. A total of 86 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 35.5 years [range 25-46]. Total abdominal hysterectomy was the most common cause [53% of the cases] followed by obstetric causes [43.92% of the cases]. Success rate of the surgery in the study was 97.5%. The common causes of vesico-vaginal fistula in this study were total abdominal hysterectomy and obstetric causes. The success rate was high, yet the attempt should be made to prevent this socially distressing condition

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of ruinex maritimus

Anti-inflammatory activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the seeds of Rumex maritimus was determined in the rat paw oedema test. At doses of 100 mg/kg both alcoholic and aqueous extracts were found to exhibit significant activity compared with Indomethacin [20 mg/kg]. The extracts also showed marked analgesic activity in mice, compared with acetylsalicylic acid [100 mg/kg] in acetic acid induced writhing test

Three phytoconstituents from rutnex maritimus seeds

Three new aliphatic compounds have been isolated and identified from Rnmex maritimus seeds. These have been characterized as n-dotriaconta-3-one [1], n-heptacos-18, 20, 22-trien-l-ol [2] and 22-hexyl-12-[alpha-tetradecahydroanthracenyl]-undecan-3-ol-l-oic acid [3] by spectral and chemical analyses

Seroprevalence of HBsAg and HCV antibodies in healthy individuals of high socioeconomic status

This study was planned to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis C antibodies and B surface antigens among students of Lahore medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan, bearing a high socio-economic status. Their seroprevalence levels were compared with general population of higher risk groups. The study group comprised of 524 volunteers including BDS and MBBS students. Among 524 volunteers 46% were males and 54% were females. The screening results showed 1.1% individuals positive for HBsAg and 2.1% positive for HCV antibodies. When HBV seropositivity was evaluated according to sex, it was found to be 1.6% among girls and 2.0% among boys. Antibodies for HCV were 1.4% in females and 2.9% in males. There was no dominance of HBsAg and anti-HCV in any age group

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of astragalus hamosus

Anti-inflammatory activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the legumes of Astragalus hamosus was determined using rat paw oedema test. At oral doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, the extract inhibited oedema significantly [p<0.01] compared with indomethacin and also showed marked analgesic activity in mice [p<0.25], compared with acetylsalicylic acid in acetic acid-induced writhing test. Toxicity studies were carried and the extracts did not exhibit any toxicity up to 1 g/kg body weight in experimental animals

Antimicrobial activity of uraria lagopoides DC

Various extracts of Uraria lagopoides were tested for antimicrobial activity and the ethanol and chloroform extracts of the aerial parts of the plant were found to show inhibiting activity against some bacterial and fungal species

Airway foreign bodies

Objectives: The objective of this study is to review the management of foreign body inhalation, the type of foreign bodies commonly inhaled, the site of impaction and the complications related with it

Design of Study: Retrospective clinical study

Setting: Mayo Hospital Lahore, ENT Unit I

Period: April 1999 to September 2000 [18 months]

Materials and methods: 32 consecutive patients with suspected foreign body inhalation were included in this study. A total of 35 bronchoscopies were carried out in these 32 patients. The patient data was collected on the basis of management complications and follow-up

Results: Total number of cases was 32 including 24 males [75%] and 8 females [25%]. Age range of the patients was 6 months to 30 years [average 6.65 years]. Most commonly inhaled foreign bodies were plastic whistles in 19 cases [66]]. The most common site of impaction was right main bronchus [62%] followed by left main bronchus [24%x]. Complications occurred in 2 patients [7%]

Conclusions: Foreign body in the airway is a common problem affecting young children mainly. The most common foreign body inhaled is a whistle. It is a preventable problem and educating the parents, teachers and other childcare providers in this regard is highly desirable

Duodenal tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a world wide communicable disease caused by tubercle bacilli discovered by Robert Kock in 18821,2,3. In 1993 WHO declared TB as a global emergency due to its world wide resurgence2,4. It can involve any organ of the body1,2. Abdomen is the fourth commonest site of involvement in the extra pulmonary tuberculosis after the lymph-nodes, skeletal and Genito urinary variants1. In the gastro intestinal tract tuberculosis can affect any part from the mouth to the anus but ileocaecal area is a favourite location. Duodenal involvement is uncommon and accounts for only 2.5% of tuberculous enteritis1,3,5,6. Major pathogens are Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and bovis and the usual route of entry is by direct penetration of the intestinal mucosa by swallowed organisms7

Recurrent cutaneous actinomycosis

Atinomycosis can affect any organ in the body and cutaneous variety is very uncommon. Clinical findings of painless subcutaneous nodules and discharging sinuses usually leads to diagnosis. We report a case of recurrent cutaneous actinomycosis which was treated by surgical excision and combination antimicrobial therapy including dapsone

Tuberculous injection abscess

A two years old girl, presented with one month history of swelling in the centre of her left buttock. She was alright two months back when she developed fever for two days, for which her mother took her to a dispensary in her village. She was given an injection on her left buttock and some syrup. After about a month, she developed swelling at the site of injection with pain and fever. She was given a topical application by the same medical practitioner with no improvement. Then her mother took her to a hospital where diagnosis of injection abscess was made and incision and drainage performed. The wound of incision and drainage did not heal in four weeks and another abscess developed five centimeters lateral to the primary wound. She was investigated and operated again. At incision and drainage, pus with some cheesy material came out. Tissue was taken from the abscess wall which showed tuberculous infection. She was started on anti-tuberculous treatment and both wounds healed in next month The child was vaccinated with BCG; there was no family history of tuberculosis

Evaluation of Tc-99M tetrofosmin for myocardial perfusion spect

To evaluate the kinetics of Tc-99m tetrofosmin at rest in order to optimise the imaging time. Design: prospective study comprising of five cases. Settings: Punjab institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Subjects: Five patients, all male referred for thallium-201 myocardial perfusion SPECT. A reasonable target to background ratio was achieved by 20 minutes after injection. This new agent shows similar uptake in myocardium as of thallium-201 at rest and reasonable images can be achieved after twenty minutes