Effect of zinc supplementation on pregnancy complications and anthropometric measurements of infants at birth

Maternal zinc supplementation has been suggested as a potential intervention to reduce the incidence of low birth weight [LWB]. The results of placebo-controlled trials are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on pregnancy complications and outcome. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 196 women who were selected from health care centers in Ardabil between 16-20 wk of pregnancy. Then, they randomly were allocated to receive zinc supplementation [as 220 mg zinc sulfate] or placebo. All information of baseline characteristics, follow up forms, pregnancy complications and anthropometric measurement of infants were collected by trained midwifes. Seventeen of the 196 women were excluded from study. The incidence of low birth weight [<2500 gr] was different significantly after zinc supplementation in placebo group [p=0.01]. Also birth weight was higher in zinc group than placebo group [p=0.03]. No significant effect of treatment was observed on pregnancy complications. However, pregnancy induced hypertension and IUGR were observed only in placebo group. This study showed zinc supplementation during pregnancy improved birth weight and reduced low birth weight

[ effect of active and passive smoking associated with breast cancer]

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and continues to be a major cause of cancer death. Major risk factors for breast cancer studied for many years, but epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent in suggesting all association between smoking and breast cancer risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active and passive smoking on breast cancer. In this case- control study, 105 patients with confirmed breast cancer referred to Omid hospital in Mashhad and were compared with 105 healthy women who were living in their neighborhood and were the age-matched [ +/- 3 years] with case group. Information concerning potential risk factors exposure status was collected by structured questionnaire and interview. Breast cancer risk relation to smoking was estimated by calculating the odds rations. In this study, smoking had no relation with breast cancer. Passive smokers had an odds ratio 18.5 [95% CI= 8.7-39.4]. The women used water pipe had an odds ratio 7.3 [95% CI= 2.7-19.7]. Also, in people who were passive smokers during their childhood, the odds were 4.86 fold. The findings suggested that the risk of breast cancer has a positive relationship with active and passive smoking and water pipe use. Thus, health interventions including no exposure to smoking and not use water pipe seem to be necessary in this regard

Association between reproductive factors with breast Cancer risk

Introduction: Breast cancer is a worldwide burden in both developed and develop: countries and unless some action is taken, it will continue to grow for the foreseeable futi Hence, diagnosing its risk factors is of great importance

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between menstrual and reproductive fact with breast cancer

Material and Methods: In a case-control study in Mashad loss patients with confirmed bre; cancer were compared with loss healthy women who were patient s neighborhood and matched cases by age and interview. A questionnaire including demographic information as well questions regarding reproductive factors emphasizing abortion were used. Data collect we analyzed using SPSS ver 12

Results: The findings indicated Early age at menarche, age at menopause, late age at first f term pregnancy and fewer number of full term pregnancy significantly associated with breast cam risk

The risk of breast cancer showed an increase in women who had a history of aborti [OR=2.09%95 C1M.2-3.7]. Also women experiencing abortion before their first full te pregnancy showed a higher risk of breast cancer [OR= 5.9 95% CI= 1.8-19.6]

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that decreased parity, early Age at menarche, late age menopause and first birth and abortion were the most important determinants of breast cancer thus authors purpose health interventions about these mothers