Urgent need of nutritional strategy and innovated functional foods for athletes health and fitness

The present review discussed the biochemical and physiological changes as well as the different sorts of nutritional deficiencies and health hazards to which the athletes may be exposed in addition to the importance of production and evaluation of innovated functional foods for athletes. Ergogenic substances and phytochemicals of possible impacts on athletes are also discussed. Athletes need special nutrients and bioactive constituents before, during and after exercise to keep on their fitness and performance and to achieve successful results during their games. They also need to be healthy without any sort of nutrients' deficiency. So, it is important to study the necessary nutrients and functional food ingredients for athletes and incorporate them into ideal functional foods to achieve their performance and to keep them in a healthy state. Such functional foods must be evaluated in athletes through following up biochemical, physiological and anthropometric parameters reflecting nutritional status, oxidative stress, antioxidant state, immunity, fitness and performance. Functional foods for athletes differ according to the practiced games. These functional foods must correct any nutrient deficiency in athletes that may occur due to practicing sports. Proper athlete's nutrition is essential for continuity of his/her sports with a good health and without loosing fitness

Intraperitoneal lidocaine for postoperative pain relief after laparoscopic ovarian drilling

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal installation of lidocaine as regards postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic ovarian drilling for polycystic ovarian syndrome [PCOs]. A prospective, randomized placebo controlled study. Setting department of Obstetric and Gynecology, maternal health center, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt. This study was done upon fifty women undergoing operative laparoscopic ovarian drilling for polycystic ovarian syndrome [PCOs] under general anaesthesia, all patients were subjected to skin infiltration of 2.5 ml of lidocaine 2% at the site of Verres needle and trocar insertion. Patients were allocated randomly to one of two groups; group A [lidocaine group] 25 patients received 150 mg intraperitoneal lidocaine hydrochloride in the Douglas pouch, 50mg before CO[2] inflation and 100mg left in the peritoneal cavity, and the group B [control group] 25 patients received only saline [0.9% NaCl] instead of lidocaine. Shoulder and pelvic pain were evaluated using visual analogue score, postoperative analgesic requirements [the need for intramuscular non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ketorolac 30], and time to return to normal daily activities were evaluated in the ambulatoiy unit and after discharge during the first 48 postoperative hours, The collected data were analyzed using SPSS [statistical package for social science] program and Chi square test [the probability of error P]. Pain score, analgesic requirements and time to return to normal daily activities were significantly reduced in patients who received intraperitoneal lidocaine [P <0.05]. Intraperitoneal installation of 150 mg lidocaine is simple to use, resulting in effective long lasting analgesia and improves the postoperative course

effect of epidural nalbuphine and morphine versus systemic nalbuphine with epidural morphine in patients submitted for major abdominal surgery

In this double blind randomized study we compared. The effects of epidural nalbuphine to intravenous [IV] nalbuphine on the epidural morphine in patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery. G[M] [control group] received epidural mixture of bupivacaine 0.5% 1mg/kg and preservative free morphine 150 micro g/ml bupivacaine G[M-epiN] received epidural mixture of bupivacaine 0.5% 1mg/kg and preservative free morphine 150 micro g /ml bupivacaine and preservative and buffer free nalbuphine 30 micro g/mL bupivacaine G[MivN] received epidural mixture of bupivacaine 0.5% 1mg/kg and preservative free morphine 150 micro g/ml bupivacaine and preservative and buffer free nalbuphine 0.1mg/kg [IV] There was no significant changes in analgesia score or sedation score between 3 groups. Nalbuphine markedly adverse the side effects of morphine regarding haemodynamics. There was significant decrease in HR and MAP in the G[M-epiN] G[MivN] groups comparing with G[M]. Our data indicate that the addition of nalbuphine either intra venous or epidurally prevent the morphine induced side effects without reversing its analgesic effect

Detection of haematologic effects of mosquito biting using an animal model

The studies on haematologic changes in humans or animals as a result of mosquito bites are few. This study was undertaken to examines changes in the blood picture of mice[Mus muscu-lus] exposed to culexpipiens biting Mice exposed to mosquito bites either once twice [with7days between the two bites showed insignificantly higher [P>0.05] counts of the total blood cell, platelets and hemoglobin content than normal mice with the highest level [11%] was in WBCs following the second bite mosquito biting exerts its effects largely upon the differential WBCs. Exposure of mice once or twice to mosquito bites resul- ted in increased numbers of the 5 WBC types.compared to control mice cells, the highest [P < 0.01] levels of basophils [7.19-fold, 72.02 cell/ul],eosinophils [3.59-fold, 216.05 cells/ul], monocytes [1.34-fold, 288.08 cells/ul and lymphocytes [1.29-fold, 1833.74 cells/ul] were after the second bite. Segmented neutrophils significantly [p < 0.01] decreased by 2% and 5%of the normal mice count following first and second bite, respectively

Clinical and functional outcome of multiple laminotomy technique in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis

Lumbar spinal stenosis is the narrowing of the osteoligamentous vertebral canal causing compression of the neural elements within the spinal canal. the lateral recesses, or intervertebral foramina. Surgery aims to decompress the nervous structures, particularly the nerve roots. without compromising vertebral stability. Different surgical modalities have been implicated with different success rates. The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical and functional outcome after multiple laminotomy in treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Fifty-six patients with lumbar canal stenosis were operated on using the multiple laminotomy technique after adequate unsuccessful conservative treatment. Far lateral superior and inferior laminotomies limited to one half of the superior lamina and one quarter of the inferior lamina together with the intervening ligamentum flavum were performed. Attention was given to lateral recess and root canal decompression. In 8 patients multiple laminotomies failed to achieve adequate decompression due to absolute stenosis, and were excluded from the results. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 27.63 +/- 10.56 months and assessed according to the Japanese Orthopaedic association [JOA] score. Satisfactory [excellent and good] results were obtained in 87.5% of the patients with mean recovery rate of JOA score of 65% [P<0.000] Six minor dural tears without residual neurological signs were recorded. Permanent neurological [root] injury was recorded in only 2 patients. Results of the present study proved multiple laminotomy technique to be the procedure of choice for mild to moderate developmental and degenerative stenosis

Unstable lower cervical spine injuries results of posterior lateral mass plate fixation

Thirty patients with unstable lower cervical spine injuries were treated from January 1998 to December 2001 using posterior lateral mass plating and autogenous iliac hone graft. There were 25 males and 5 females, the average patient age was 37.73 years [range 18-60 years]. The average duration of follow-up was 15.18 months [range 6 to 43 months]. The cause of trauma was motor vehicle accidents in 18 patients, a fall from height in 9 patients and diving into a shallow water in 3 cases. Eight patients had associated injuries, three of them suffered head injuries, 2 cases had pelvic fractures. 2 cases had femoral shaft fractures and one patient had forearm fracture. Thirty patients met the criteria for posterior cervical plating and fusion having cervical instability. Eleven patients had unilateral facet dislocation at one level, four patients had bilateral facet dislocation at one level, 13 patients had fracture dislocations either at one or two levels, and Two patients had burst fracture at one Level. Neurologically, 10 patients were neurologically free complaining of neck pain only, 8 patients had a one level root injury, 4 patients had anterior cord syndrome. 3 patients had Brown Sequard syndrome, and 5 patients had complete cord injury. The final functional results were assessed using Bohlman and Anderson criteria. No patient's neurological function deteriorated after surgery. All the patients with radicular symptoms relieved and all incomplete spinal cord injuries improved at least one ASIA Level. All the patients had solid fusion and good alignment based on flexion and extension radiographs at follow-up. Although one patient had implant failure in the form of backing out of the screws, non had an increased deformity and all progressed to sound fusion. Extension of the fusion mass beyond the instrumented levels was evident in 12 patients. There were no neurologic or vascular complications related to screws fixation. Posterior Cervical plating with lateral mass fixation and bone grafting offers a reliable method of achieving fusion, with minimal bracing and more rapid functional recovery in the treatment of fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical spine

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a microbial control agent against adult and immature stages of the sandfly, phlebotomus papatasi under laboratory conditions

The laboratory treatment of adult and immature stages of Phlebotomus papatasi by the bacterial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis was carried out. Different concentrations of Bti mixed with fructose and glucose were assayed against the adult sandfly, while the immature stages were treated by offering larval diet contaminated by Bti in different concentrations diluted by distilled water. Bti could induce mortality to half of the larval and pupal population at 0.26 x 10-5 g/L. The median lethal doses of adults, which were fed on contaminated surgery diet with serial dilutions of Bti, were 1.3 x 10-2 g/L with fructose and 3 x 10-2 g/L with glucose after 47 and 72 hours. The longevity period of larvae and pupae fed on contaminated larval diet showed negative correlation with bacterial concentrations, except for high concentrations. The bacterial control of the sandfly Ph. Papatasi could be recommended, particularly as adulticide agents

Utilization of magnetic resonance imaging to plan the surgical management of Impingement Syndrome of shoulder

Nineteen patients had anterior shoulder pain [one of them had bilateral affection] were subjected to surgical decompression by a McLaughlin et al operative technique between April 1995 and June 1996. All patients were diagnosed clinically and investigated by X-ray and MRI. The results of clinical radiological and surgical findings were correlated and analyzed according to Knopp and Miller [1992]. MRI gave a high sensitivity [60-100%] specificity [60-80%] and diagnosing accuracy [90-100%] in diagnosing the exact pathological cause of impingement syndrome and its stage. All patients were followed up for a minimum of one year [mean 15.1 months]. The final outcome of the treatment was encouraging, 6 had excellent results, 9 had good results and 5 had unsatisfactory results. There were statistical significant difference between results of patients with or without partial tear of rotator muscles and those with complete tear

Leishmania infection sought in rodents in north Sinai, Egypt

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis [ZCL] is endemic in certain foci in North Sinai. In the present study, eight species of commensal and wild rodents were trapped from seven areas. Suggestive ZCL lesions were seen on R. rattus, R. norvegicus, G. pyramidum, G. andersoni, G. gerbillus and Meriones sacramenti. Positive Giemsa stained smears were identified in G. pyramidum. The results were discussed. It was concluded that the ZCL transmission cycle is identified regarding the three factors; animal reservoirs, sand fly vector and man

Serum human placental lactogen [hpl] in normal, toxaemic and diabetic pregnant women, during pregnancy and its relation to the outcome of pregnancy

Human placental lactogen [HPL] levels in serum were measured by radial immunodiffusion plates and immunoelectrophoresis in twenty normal, nineteen toxaemic and fourteen diabetic pregnant women, followed up during the first trimester [10-12 w.], the second trimester [20-22 w.], the 28th week, the 32nd week, the 36th week and two weeks after delivery. Serum human placental lactogen concentration showed progressive increase with the advance of pregnancy in all groups. It was not detected when measured two weeks after delivery in normal, toxaemic and diabetic pregnant women. Comparing the mean serum concentration in toxaernic pregnant patients with that in the normal group, the toxaemic group had lower mean serum hpl concentration throughout the period of pregnancy. On the other hand, diabetic pregnant women showed higher serum hpl concentration than normal pregnant women throughout the period of pregnancy. There was a positive correlation between infant weight, infant length and serum hpl levels at the 28th, 32nd weeks of gestation. Our results indicate that serial determination of serum hpl may he a valuable complement to other diagnostic aids in the supervisior of pregnancies, complicated by pre-eclampsia or diabetes

significance of osteo-medullography in tibial shaft fractures

This study inculdes 46 patients with fractures of the tibia. 22 patients had delayed union; osteomdullography was performed for these 22 patients. Osteomedullography was considered positive in 8 cases where venous circulation was demonstrated across the fractur site and were treated conservatively. Union occurred within 3 months. 14 cases showed negative signs as there was no venous circulation across the fracture site and trested by bone grafting