Predesposing factors for the infection of mandibular third molar

Impacted mandibular third molar tooth is the most frequent tooth extracted due to diverse group of infections like pericoronitis, caries and irreversible pulpitis etc. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of infections found with the impacted mandibular third molar regarding its different angulations [Winter's classifications]. Among 100 study patients, all subjects were clinically assessed and radiographically evaluated for infections and type of angulations of lower third molar. The data collected on specially designed Performa was analyzed for variables on SPSS 10.0 version. The data obtained showed male to female ratio of 1:2.8. Fifty two percent patients presented with infection of mandibular third molar at the age of 21-25 years. The most common infection found was pericoronitis [49.0%].Based on Winter's classification most of the impacted teeth were in mesioangular [46.0%]. Pericoronitis was found to be common in vertical [23.0%] followed by mesioangular [15.0%], distoangular [8.0%] and horizontal angulation [3.0%]. Mesioangular impactions were most commonly involved with caries [25.0%]

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in short-stature children

Growth Hormone Deficiency [GHD] is conventionally diagnosed and confirmed by diminished peak Growth Hormone [GH] levels to provocative testing. Serum Insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1] and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 [IGFBP-3] are under the influence of GH and reflect the spontaneous endogenous GH secretion. Owing to the absence of a circadian rhythm, it is possible to take individual measurements of IFG-1 and IGFBP-3 assays with Exercise and L-Dopa stimulation tests in the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in short stature children using ITT as gold standard. This validation study was conducted at Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, AFIP, Rawalpindi, from November 2005 to October 2006. Fifty-two short stature children were included in the study. Basal samples for GH levels and simultaneous IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 measurements were obtained and afterwards all children were subjected to sequential exercise and L-Dopa stimulation tests. Insulin Tolerance Test [ITT] was performed one week later with all the necessary precautionary measures. On the basis of ITT results, children were divided into two groups, i.e., 31 growth hormone deficient and 21 Normal Variant Short Stature [NVSS]. The diagnostic value of exercise stimulation test remained highest with sensitivity 90.3%, specificity 76.0%, Positive Predictive Value [PPV] 84.84%, Negative Predictive Value [NPV] 84.2% and accuracy 84.6%. The conventional L-Dopa stimulation had sensitivity 96.7%, specificity 38.0%, PPV 69.7%, NPV 88.8% and accuracy 73.0%. The serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were positively correlated with post ITT peak GH levels [r=0.527, r=0.464 respectively, both p<0.001]. The diagnostic value of IGF-1 had sensitivity 83.87%, specificity 76.2%, PPV 83.87%, NPV 76.2% and accuracy 80.76%. The diagnostic value of IGFBP-3 had sensitivity 54.83%, specificity 90.47%, PPV 89.47%, NPV 57.57% and accuracy 69.23%. With combined use of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 diagnostic value had sensitivity 69.35%, specificity 83.33% PPV 86%, NPV 64.81% and accuracy 75%. Growth Hormones provocative tests still remain the most useful investigations for the diagnosis of GHD. Measurements of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 have shown comparable diagnostic performance with growth hormone stimulation tests and are valuable for patients' convenience and ease of performance and can be useful in the initial workup of short stature

Changes in O[2] stauration during inhalational induction of anaesthesia in children - a comparison between halothane and Isoflurane

To study the change in O2 saturation during induction of anaesthesia in children. A comparison between Halothane and Isoflurane. Prospective comparative study. Department of anaesthesia Services Hospital Lahore. This study was conducted in 2004 on 70 children irrespective of sex age range 1-10 year. A total 70 children were studied 35 in each group. The result showed that halothane is a better inhalational induction agent then isoflurane. Halothane is better than isoflurane for inhalational induction in children

Blue berry muffin baby. A case report

Stage IV-S neuroblastoma [Blue Berry Muffin Baby] is a rare variety of neuroblastoma. In this report a three month old baby suffering from the disease is described

review of pressure sore treated surgically at a plastic surgery unit

Management of pressure sores has always been a problem across the world but especially in our country due to lack of supporting measures. This study looked at the repair of 34 pressure sores over a period of two years at Plastic Surgery Department in Services Hospital and their outcome. A new reusable flap for reconstruction was found to be effective but rehabilitation program was found to be the ultimate decider of the long-term outcome of these pressure sores