Endoscopic sclerotherapy plus ligation versus ligation for the management of esophageal varices

The aim of this work was to compare endoscopic scleroligation with endoscopic variceal ligation alone with regard to efficacy, complications, variceal recurrence and survival rate. Seventy-one patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices were included in this study; 35 treated by endoscopic scleroligation and 36 treated by endoscopic variceal ligation. Both methods were equally effective in achieving a complete eradication of esophageal varices. The recurrence rates in the endoscopic scleroligation group were significantly lower than those in the endoscopic variceal ligation group. The survival rates and incidence of complications were similar among patients treated by both methods. The combined method, endoscopic scleroligation, was superior to endoscopic variceal ligation alone in preventing variceal recurrence

Outpatient flexible cystoscopy: an early experience

During a period of eighteen months 647 patients underwent diagnostic flexible cystoscopy under local anaesthesia in the outpatient department. 537 [82.9%] patients had normal examination and they were thus spared the trauma of hospital admission, general anaesthesia and tiresome wait on lengthy waiting list. This technique has proved to be a very cost effective alternative to conventional rigid cystoscopy and has very low failure rate [1.23%] and remarkable patient compliance

Ureteric stent: the outcome of long term drainage

A report of four patients with long term ureteric double-J stents is presented. The indications for stenting and the complications are discussed. After five months, all of the stents caused problems and they did not adequately drain the kidneys. It is recommended that long term ureteric stents should be changed every four months to prevent fragmentation of the stents and also to prevent hydronephrosis

Ureteric stent: the outcome of long drainage

A series of four patients with long term ureteric double-J stents is presented. The indications for stenting and the complications are discussed. After five months, all of the stents caused problems and they did not adequately drain the kidneys. It is recommended that long term ureteric stents should be changed every four months to prevent fragmentation of the stents and also to prevent hydronephrosis