Surveillance of lymphatic filariasis 5 years after stopping mass drug administration in Menoufiya governorate, Egypt

The World Health Organization recommends that before lymphatic filariasis elimination in an area can be confirmed, an additional survey should be performed at least 5 years after stopping mass drug administration. The current study aimed to determine the status of lymphatic filariasis 5 years after cessation of the mass drug administration in 3 sentinel Egyptian villages in Menoufiya Governorate. The rapid immunochromatographic card test [ICT] and a new commercial antibody detection kit [CELISA[registered sign]] were used. All 1321 primary-school children aged 6-7 years old were ICT negative but 27 children were antibody positive. All households surveyed in one village with the highest antibody prevalence were ICT negative, indicating an absence of lymphatic filariasis. The CELISA antibody kit needs more standardization and development to be useful under field conditions. We conclude that lymphatic filariasis is no longer a public health problem in these villages and other villages with similar epidemiological conditions

In-vitro interaction of l-histidinol and cisplatin on [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA and the viability of cultures EAC cells

The cytotoxic activity of cisplatin and/or L-histidinol was studied on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma [EAC] cell line. Cisplatin in concentration ranged from 1-20 microM reduced cell survival of cultured EAC cells in a concentration-related manner. The concentration of cisplatin that inhibited the survival of 50% of cells [IC50] was 16 micro M. L-Histidionl [0.5-4 mM] per se did not affect the survival tumor cells, however, it significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. An important observation is that with the use of L-histidinol [4 mM] in combination with cisplatin, the IC50 of cisplatin was shifted to be 4 micro M only. By means of tritiated thymidine incorporation into the cellular acid-insolube material, cisplatin [8 and 16 micro M] inhibited DNA synthesis [41% and 51% respectively] in cultured tumor cells. Also, a marked inhibition of DNA synthesis [31% and 42%] was observed with L-histidinol [2 and 4 mM respectively]. In conclusion, L-histidinol, a structural analog of the essential amino acid L-histidine, enhances cisplatin cytotoxic activity against EAC cells. These findings may reflect a potential of L-histidinol to improve the therapeutic index of cisplatin. Further studies should thoroughly investigate the mechanism[s] of enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin by L-histidinol

Development of fast release mebeverine hydrochloride tablets

The drug release from five commercial br and s of mebeverine hydrochloride tablets was tested. The results revealed the presence of large interbr and and intrabatch differences. These differences in drug release were attributed mainly to the physical behavior of the raw material during the production processes. Mebeverine hydrochloride crystals prepared from benzene were used for the preparation of four tablet formulations by the direct compression technique. The release of the drug from formulated tablets was superior to most of the commercially available br and s

Comparative bioavailability study of theophylline in suppositories relative to oral capsules and prolonged release tablets

A comparative bioavailability testing was carried out on theophylline [TH] suppositories [200 mg] in a hard fatty base and aminophylline [AM] suppositories [250 mg] in a polyethylene glycol [PEG] blend. The study was performed on 6 male healthy volunteers in a cross-over fashion. Theophylline saliva concentration data were compared with those obtained for aminophylline oral capsules [250 mg] and prolonged release [PR] [200 mg] theophylline tablets [Quibron SR]. The results showed that bioavailability of TH from hard fat and PEG suppositories, and from PR tablets were 71%, 76%, and 57%, relative to the oral capsules AUC 0-12, respectively. Other pharmacokinetic parameters, such as T max and MRT were highest for PR tablets [4.16 and 19.07 h, respectively] and lowest for AM capsules [1.08 and 9.49 h, respectively]. The two suppository formulations had intermediate values

Synthesis of pyrido [3,2-d] pyrimidines and pyrido [3,2-d] -1,2,4-triazolo [4,5-a or 5,4-b] pyrimidines

Reaction of 6-[1-piperidino or 1-pyrrolidino-carbony1-2, 8-dichloro-4-[1-piperidino or 1-pyrrolidino]-pyrido[3,2-d] pyrimidines [1a and b] with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding 2-hydrazino derivatives [2a and b]. Treatment of 2a and b with nitrous acid or aromatic aldehydes furnished the corresponding azides [3 a and b] and arylidene derivatives [4 a-d], respectively. Pyrido[3,2-d]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,5-a or 5,4-b] pyrimidines [5a-d, E or A] were obtained either by oxidative cyclization of 4a-d with bromine in acetic acid or by acylative cyclization of 2a and b

Synthesis of certain 1,3,4oxadiazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles as potential chemotherapeutic agents

A series of five membered heterocycles namely 5-substituted-4-acetyl-2-[2-chloro-4 nitrophenyl]- 1,3,4-oxadiazolines 6-10, 4-substituted aminomethyl-2-[2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-5-thiones 12-15, 2-substituted-5-[2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 22-27, 4-substituted-3-[2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl]-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoles 28-30 and 2-substituted amino-5-[2-chloro-4-nitro-phenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 36-40, were synthesized. Eight representative compounds were tested for their invitro antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microorganisms, some of them were proved to be active

Sternal pad affections in camels

Affections of the sternal pads of camels are both painful and decapacitating to the animal. Sixteen camels suffering from sternal pad affections were examined and treated. Corynebacterium pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were isolated as single isolate or in mixed infection from the lesions. Examination of the blood of affected camels showed the presence of microfilariae in five cases, while the remaining cases showed good response to the filaricidal treatment. Both surgical and therapeutic management gave highly beneficial effects as all the dealt with cases did well at a moderately short period

Synthesis and characterization of new tetrazole derivatives

The synthesis of new tetrazole derivatives having either a pyridone or 4-thiazolidinone moiety has been achieved to obtain compounds carrying two pharmacologically active mioeties. The prepared compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity, some of them were proved to exhibit promising effect against some pathogenic micro-organisms

transverse palmar creases and susceptibility to rheumatic valvular affection

Females with [A.A.] Patterns in the palmes, prevalence of whorls in more than 4 fingers, presence of whorls in homologous fingers, increased TRFC, widening of ''atd'' angle and predominece of axial triradius, which can bee easly seen by the nacked eye, could be considered as an dermatoglyphic sing to spot the child susceptible to rheumatic affection of the heart

Electrocardiographic changes associated with oesophagogastro duodenoscopy

The ECG changes associated with oesophagogastro duodenoscopy of 140 patients were studied. All patients developed sing us tachycardia, 7.85% of subjects developed premature beats and 60% of subjects developed T-wave changes in form of flatness or inversion after endoscopy