Milk yield and growth performance of baladi and crossbred cows under north of nile delta conditions

Twenty four healthy lactating Baladi cows [local breed] and Friesian x Baladi cows [1[st] group] and their calves [2[nd] group] were studied during summer and winter seasons in North of Nile Delta of Egypt to investigate the effects of summer and winter conditions on the production efficiency. Milk yield [kg] during summer was lowest in the two breeds of cows when compared to values observed during winter. Lactating period was longer in crossbred than Baladi cows. Milk yield/day was higher in Friesian x Baladi than that in Baladi cows during both summer and winter. Milk components [fat, protein and total solids] were higher during winter than during summer at all times of testing, while an opposite trend was observed in milk lactose and solid non-fat [SNF] in the two breeds. Birth weight of calf and calf/dam percentage in Baladi breed was lower than the crossbreds during the two seasons. Breed of dam exerted a pronounced effect on birth weight, where purebred Baladi calves averaged 22.2, 24.8 kg which were lower than that crossbreds [31.0, 31.5 kg] during summer and winter, respectively that is not a maternal effect only it included the individual genetic effect as well. The calf/dam weight percentage in crossbred scored the highest percentage [7.36 and 7.32%] while the purebred Baladi calves means were 6.04 and 6.48% during summer and winter, respectively. The average weight of the animals in the two breeds increased as the animal grew with age; the increased weight during winter was greater than that during summer. The daily average growth rates during winter and summer were [0.487 vs 0.563 kg] and [0.475 vs 0.515 kg] in Baladi and crossbreds, respectively. In both breeds, live weight of calves at six months of age showed that, the calves which were heavier at birth [crossbred calves] were also heavier at six months of age. The means of calf weight at six months which were born during winter were greater than those born during summer. On the other hand, dam weight at calving, birth weight of calf, weaning weight for calf, average daily gain, lactation period and total milk yield were studied using records for Baladi and their crossbred cows covering the period from 1998 till 2007. Data were analysed for the effect of season and breed on milk production and growth performance

Demographic aspects of a Saudi rural community

A demographic house-to-house survey has been undertaken in a group of villages around Riyadh City during 1985. The average family size was found to be 7.0 individuals. Families less than 4 individuals constituted 22.3%. Families having 9 and more individuals constituted 32.3%. The age distribution showed that individuals less than 5 years amount to 16.5%, those less than 20 years are 59.9%. level of Literacy was 57.4%, for both sexes. The actual manpower in those villages was 22.2% of the total population. The most predominated occupations were Military and Police workers [28.75%] and Labourers [24.37%]. However agricultural and grazing occupation account [13.75%] only. Registration of vital events have been discussed and stressed

Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and type A behavior

Forty four male and twenty seven female volunteers agreed to participate in the study. This study demonstrated that systolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein [LDL], LDL/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL 1-C] ratio are significantly higher in male than in female groups. Also, Type A behavior scores were higher in male than female groups, P. <.05 Generally, the association between main risk factors of coronary heart disease [CHD] and Types A score was weak. Eligible risk factors studied together in multiple regression model top show their combined effect, as independent factors, on dependent factor, i.e, Type A behavior. Multiple regression model demonstrate fair and significant association between Type A behavior and weight, diastolic pressure, and pulse in males group. On the other hand, the same model showed similar fair but not significant association among females group