Effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of garlic powder on performance and immune response of Japanese quail

This work was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of garlic powder [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g/kg diet] for 7 respective groups [45 birds/ group] on body weight development, body gain, relative growth rate, feed conversion ratio, immune response, some blood parameters and carcass traits of Japanese quail chicks. At the end of experiment it was observed that there were no significant differences in body weight development, total body gain or total FCR in quail chicks of all groups supplemented with garlic powder at different levels when compared wit the control group. The total RGR was highest in quail chicks of group 2 when compared with the control unsupplemented group or other supplemented garlic powder groups. The total feed intake was increased in groups supplemented with garlic powder at different levels but slightly decreased in quail chicks of group 6. There was a significant increase in HI titer to ND in groups 5, 6 and 7 at 14[th] and 42[nd] day of age; also, there was a numerical increase in lymphocyte and monocytes count, SGOT and SGPT in all groups receiving garlic powder supplementation when compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between quail chicks supplemented with garlic powder at different levels in serum alkaline phosphatase levels, WBCs, RBCs, dressing%, gizzard weight%, heart weight% and immune organs weight when compared with those of the control one. Serum cholesterol levels and serum triglycerides levels were significantly decreased in quail chicks fed diet supplemented with all levels of garlic powder when compared with those of the control group. There was numerical of the control group. There was a numerical decrease in body fat% with addition of garlic in all supplemented groups when compared with the control group

Influence of dietary lysine and arginine interrelationship on growth performance, carcass characteristics and immune response in Japanese quail

This study was designed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of extra Lysine [LYS] and/or Arginine [ARG] than normal requirements of Japanese quail chicks and their interaction on growth performance, carcass quality, immune response and nutrient digestibility in Japanese quail. A total of 672 one - day old Japanese quail chicks were used in this study and randomly allotted into equal 16 groups [42 per each] of mixed sex. Group 1 was fed basal diet without supplementation [control]. Quail chicks of groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed on the basal diet supplemented with ARG at 110, 120 and 130% of the NRC [1994] requirement respectively. While quail chicks of groups 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 were fed basal diet supplemented with LYS/ARG at ratios of 110/100, 110/110, 110/120, 110/130, 120/100, 120/110, 120/120, 120/130, 130/100, 130/110, 130/120 and 130/130. From the obtained data it was observed that ARC supplementation without LYS [groups 2, 3 and 4] showed non significant improvement in body weight, weight gain, RGR, FCR when compared with control and also supplementation of LYS alone [groups 5, 9 and 13] showed non significant improvement in the growth performance parameters. While, both ARG and LYS supplementation had no effect on growth rates as showed in quail chicks of groups 15 and 16. There was an improvement of immune response with LYS and/or ARG supplementation as noticed in increased phagocytic activity and HI titer in quail chicks especially in the highest level of ARG supplementation [group, 4]. Regarding serum parameters, there was an increase in serum total protein level in all groups fed on LYS and/or ARG supplemented diets when compared with the control and a significant increase in serum total cholesterol in the groups supplemented with higher levels of LYS alone [groups 5, 9 and 13]. Both LYS and ARG supplemented groups had some variation in concentration of SGPT and SGOT and the highest level was observed in higher supplement level of ARG [group 4], while serum uric acid concentration increased with the level of LYS and/or ARG supplementation. There was a significant increase lymphoid organ in quail chicks of group 4 which fed basal diet supplemented with LYS/ ARG at 100/130 when compared with the control and other supplemented groups. LYS or ARG supplementation had no effect on dressing and liver percent, while both of them improved thigh percent, reduced visible fat accumulation% and improved breast meat percent and LYS is more efficient for increasing breast meat when compared with control. LYS supplementation is more related to increase CP% in breast meat than ARG and higher supplementation of both of amino acids increase CP% in liver and generally that supplement had minor effect on the nutrient digestibility

Influences of high dietary levels of monensin in rabbit

36 New Zeal and growing male rabbits were used to trace the effects of high dietary levels of monensin on their growth performance, blood picture, internal organs and slaughter value. The used rabbits were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups. Group 1 [control was fed on a balanced basal diet, while groups, 2, 3 and 4 were fed on the same basal diet supplemented with 50, 100, 200 ppm monensin. Dietary monensin adversely affected the final body weight and weight gains of rabbits and the effect was proportional to the dietary monensin level. Proportional to dietary monensin level, the feed intake was markedly reduced. Feed conversion of rabbits was seriously affected and averaged 5.97, 7.01, 9.75 and 10.21 in the respective groups 1-4. The groups receiving diets containing monensin had markedly low dressed carcass weight, dressing% and the weights of head, liver and kidneys. Hematological examination revealed a gradual decrease in RBCs count, Hb and PCV with increasing the level of monensin. Leukocytosis was observed in the group receiving 50 ppm monensin, while a leukopenia was noticed at higher levels. The heterophils decreased significantly, while the lymphocytes were increased. Histopathological examination showed lymphocytic infiltration in the portal areas, irregular necrotic foci in the renal cortex and perivascular lymphocytic cuffing in the cerebral cortex in all monensin treated groups. Hyalinization of the skeletal muscles and brain lesions were observed. The group treated with 200 ppm monensin showed necrosis in the skeletal muscles and focal hyalinization of the cardiac myofibers

Performance of growing rabbits fed on diets containing corn or barley grains with or without addition of kemzyme

Twenty-eight California growing rabbits were divided into four equal groups and assigned, respectively, to four balanced experimental diets. Diets 1 and 2 contained corn grains as a single cereal without and with addition of Kemzyme preparation [0.05%], respectively. In diets 3 and 4, barley grains replaced corn without and with addition of Kemzyme [0.05%], respectively. All diets were fed ad libitum for 18 weeks. The results indicated that incorporation of barley instead of corn grains in growing rabbit diets is of advantage through improving growth rate, food/gain ratio and reduction of fat deposition in the rabbit carcass. Addition of Kemzyme [0.05%] to the used diets had an additional beneficial effect on the tested parameters. From the economic, nutritional and physiological st and points, it can be safely concluded that barley grain is suitable for rabbits than corn

Effect of partial and complete replacement of fish meal by feather meal in diets on the performance and body composition of tilapia nilotica [oreochromis niloticus]

The purpose of the work was to find out the most suitable inclusion rate for feather meal in economical practical diets for Tilapia nilotica. Sixty-nine T. nilotica of nearly similar weight [ca. 25 g] were divided in five glass aquaria and fed on five different diets containing constant percentages of wheat bran [45%] and layer ration [15%], but varying percentages of fish meal, and feather meals as follows: 40: 0, 30: 10, 20: 20, 10: 30 and 0: 40 for aquaria I, II, III, IV and V, respectively. The experiment was terminated after 18 weeks

Effect of different dietary protein levels and amino acid supplementation on performance and carcass composition of Lohmann Broiler chickens

A total of 325 day-old Lohmann broiler chicks were used in this study. The chicks were randomly divided into 13 equal groups, each of 25 chicks. It was planned that group 1 of chicks [controls], receive diets containing 22.9, 21.7 and 20% crude protein levels without amino acid supplementation during the starting, growing and finishing rearing periods. For the other groups, the dietary crude protein levels were reduced by 2 and 3% without or with L-lysine [0.05%] and /or DL-methionine [0.05%] supplementation during the same periods. Both feed and water were constantly available for 7 week-experimental period