Feeding practices among the infants presenting with acute diarrhoea

To study various feeding practices in children who present with acute watery diarrhea. The objective of the study was not only to study the feeding patterns but also draw an association between different feeding patterns and acute diarrheal episodes Outdoor and indoor unit of Department of Paediatrics Jinnah Hospital affiliated with Allama lqbal Medical College Lahore. Two hundred and fifty patients with acute watery diarrhea of less then 14 days between the ages of I month to I year were included in the study. It was a case control cross sectional study. The data related to 250 patients was collected. The required information was obtained from inother/ attendant of the infant in the questionnaire. All the questionnaire were filled by the doctors. The majority of the infants with acute diarrhea were between 4 months to 1 year 195 [78%]. Forty two [17%] were exclusively breastfed while 78 [310/,] exclusively bottle-fed. Fifty five [22%] had both breast feeding as well as bottle feeding. A large number of mothers 112 [44.8%] gave the teason of insufficient milk for the baby. Majority of the infants with acute diarrhea episodes was between and 12 months when either breast milk is being replaced by bottle milk or improper weaning practices are being used. A large number of infants with acute diarrhea were either mixed fed or bottle fed. Because of increased mixed and bottle feeding there is high incidence of diarrhea in our community

Complications of acute diarrhea in malnourished children

In a developing country like Pakistan malnutrition is a serious health problem. Diarrheal diseases and malnutrition are inter-related. Hence it is worth studying not only diarrhea itself but also the incidence of acute diarrheal complications in malnourished children. A total of 150 malnourished children with acute diarrhea, 50 patients in each 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree of malnutrition were included in the study to see the frequency of complications. Their ages ranged from 1 month to 4 years. Majority of the patients [44.68%] were between 6 months and 1 year. The incidence of complications was highest in the youngest age group [1 month to 1 year]. The majority of the complications like acidosis, shock and septicemia were seen in children with 3rd degree malnutrition. Metabolic and electrolyte derangements were seen again in majority of the patients with 3rd degree malnutrition. The duration of hospital stay was directly related to the degree of malnutrition

Feeding practices among the infants presenting with acute diarrhoea

To study various feeding practices in children who present with acute watery diarrhea. The objective of the study was not only to study the feeding patterns but also draw an association between different feeding patterns and acute diarrheal episodes. Outdoor and indoor unit of Department of Paediatrics Jinnah Hospital affiliated with Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore. Two hundred and fifty patients with acute watery diarrhea of less then 14 days between the ages of 1 month to 1 year were included in the study. It was a case control cross sectional study. The data related to 250 patients was collected. The required information was obtained from mother/ attendant of the infant in the questionnaire. All the questionnaire were filled by the doctors. The majority of the infants with acute diarrhea were between 4 months to 1 year 195 [78%]. Forty two [17%] were exclusively breastfed while 78 [31%] exclusively bottle-fed. Fifty five [22%] had both breast feeding as well as bottle feeding. A large number of mothers 112 [44.8%] gave the reason of insufficient milk for the baby. Majority of the infants with acute diarrhea episodes were between 8 and 12 months when either breast milk is being replaced by bottle milk or improper weaning practices are being used. A large number of infants with acute diarrhea were either mixed fed or bottle fed. Because of increased mixed and bottle feeding there is high incidence of diarrhea in our community

Complications of the AO external fixator in open type III tibial fractures

Thirty one cases were included in this prospective experimental study to pick up the pit falls of A.O tubular external fixator application in type-III open tibial fractures in the department of Orthopaedics, Mayo hospital, Lahore during 1993-1994. Out of these 9 [28.8%] had type III-A, 21 [67.2%] had type III-B and only 1 [4%] had type III-C open fractures. 53.8% of the cases presented within six hours of the injury, 26.4% within 24 hours and the remaining 19.8% cases presented late. Biplaner unilateral fixator was applied in 19 cases [61.6%], uniplaner unilateral double bar in 11 cases [35.2%] and uniplaner unilateral single bar fixator in 1 [3.2%] case. Duration of application of external fixation ranged from 9 days to 10 months [average 3 months]. The patients were explained about the possible complications of external fixation and asked them to report before their routine follow up visit if any complication arises. We had 43 minor and 33 major complications among which some were inherent to the severity of the injury and not solely due to the application of external fixator. Minor complications in descending order of frequency were pin tract infection [41.6%], malalignment [28.8%], pin loosening [19.2%], transient ankle joint stiffness [16%], acute localized osteoporosis and algodystrophy [9.6%], oedema [6.4%], malunion [6.4%], wrong placement of pins [6.4%] and pin bending [3.2%]. Major complications in descending order of frequency were wound infection [35.2%], delayed union [32%], non union [9.8%], amputations [6.4%]. Other major complications were vascular injury, secondary cellulitis, chronic osteomylitis, foot drop, compartment syndrome, shortening and mortality 3.2% each