Overexpression of S100A4 as a biomarker of metastasis and recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma

S100A4, a biomarker of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays an important role in invasion and metastasis by promoting cancer cell motility. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), metastasis results in 90% of cancer associated mortality. Objective: To investigate the role of S100A4 expression as an important component of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Material and Methods: S100A4 protein expression was assessed semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry in 47 histologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 10 normal oral mucosal biopsies. The association between the S100A4 overexpression and the aggressive features of OSCC were analyzed by X2 test. Results: Moderate to strong cytoplasmic expression of S100A4 was observed in 30 out of 47 specimens of OSCC (64%). Overexpression of S100A4 was significantly associated with the clinical stage, lymph node involvement, metastases, pattern of invasion and recurrence (p<0.05). Conclusion: S100A4 expression represents an important biomarker of prognostic significance that may be used to identify a subset of patients at high risk of invasion and metast .

Evaluation of osteoporosis in diabetic individuals using digital intra oral periapical radiographs / Avaliação de osteoporose em indivíduos diabéticos utilizando radiografias periapicais digitais

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures in middle aged individuals. There has been drastic increase in the number of osteoporotic patients over the past two decades. The relationship of osteoporosis and diabetes continues to be a topic of debate among research workers. Detection of osteoporosis is very important for oral diagnostics as it can bring changes in treatment plan and modifications in oral procedures. Current literature is directed at diagnosing this condition on dental radiographs. Objectives: The present study was aimed at detecting osteoporosis using digital dental radiographs of premolar and molar region using Adobe Photoshop CS2 software. Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients visiting the dental department who were already diagnosed with type II diabetes for minimum of 1 year Arch Oral Res. 2011 May/Aug.;7(2)169-75 Mutalik S, Goyal M, Sanghamesh B, Guttal SK, Naikmasur VG, Mutalik VS. 170 obesity, hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products. Albright and Reifenstein were first to report low mineral density and risk of fracture in diabetic subjects in 1948 (3). The relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis continues to be debated among the research workers. A recent meta-analysis showed that diabetic patients had higher hip bone mineral density (BMD) than non-Diabetic controls suggesting that BMD values may not reflect bone fragility in diabetic patients (4). Bone density is determined by several modalities ranging from quantitative computed tomography (qCT) to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or peripheral ultrasound measurement. Each modality has been shown to be independently predictive of fracture risk, yet each has its own limitations (5). Introduction Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. It is one of the most common...

Introdução: A osteoporose é uma das principais causas de fraturas em indivíduos de meia idade. Houve aumentodrástico no número de pacientes com osteoporose nas duas últimas décadas. A relação entre osteoporosee diabetes continua a ser um tema de debate entre os pesquisadores. A detecção da osteoporose é muitoimportante no diagnosticador bucal, uma vez que ela pode refletir em mudanças no plano de tratamento emodificações nos procedimentos bucais. O diagnóstico dessta condição por meio de radiografias dentais temsido discutido na literatura atual. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar a osteoporose utilizandoradiografias digitais dentais da região de pré-molar e molar utilizando o software Adobe PhotoshopCS2. Materiais e métodos: Um total de 40 pacientes que visitaram o departamento de odontologia e já previamentediagnosticados com diabetes tipo II no período mínimo de um ano foram selecionados aleatoriamentepara o estudo. Radiografias digitais intra-orais periapicais orais da região inferior de pré-molar e molar foramobtidos pela técnica de paralelismo. As imagens foram então convertidas em formato de arquivo bitmap eavaliadas usando o software Adobe Photoshop CS2. O número de trabéculas em uma área específica foi contadoe comparado com indivíduos saudáveis de mesma idade e sexo e controle glicêmico normal. Resultados:A média do número de trabéculas/mm2 em indivíduos normais foi 0,1987 ± 0,0244, e de 0,1737 ± 0,0279 parao grupo diabético, sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Este estudo confirmouque o número de trabéculas/mm2 em indivíduos diabéticos foi menor em comparação aos observados emindivíduos normais.