RESUMEN
Present study deals with the hepatoprotective activity of polyherbal formulation Hepatoplus [HP] as an oral supplement to the INH and RIF induced hepatitis in experimental rats. Rats treated with INH and RIF show abnormal liver function with significant increase in serum transaminases, bilirubin and clotting time [CT] and significant decrease in total protein and Albumin, which is brings to near normal levels by HP and LIV 52 treatments. Rats treated with INH and RIF suffer from oxidative stress in the hepatocytes, due to the decrease in Glutathione [GSH], Glutathione peroxidase [GPX], Catalase [CAT], Super oxide dismutase [SOD] and significant increase in Lipid Per oxidation [LPO]. HP decreases the oxidative stress and protects the liver cells membrane from LPO. 85% of DNA damage [comet tail] seen with RIF and INH treatment is reduced to 34.1% on HP application. A decrease of hepatocytes mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity is observed in INH and RIF treatment is restored by HP supplementation. Hepatic apoptotic and CYP2E1 gene expressions were also studied, BAX, p53, Caspase 3 and CYP2E1 were significantly up regulated and Bcl2 was down- regulated in INH and RIF treated rats. Concomitant application of HP prevents the modulation of these gene expressions. It is concluded that high dose of HP [100mg/kg] supplemented along with INH and RIF effectively prevents the toxicity induced by INH and RIF, as effective as 100mg/kg of LIV52.
RESUMEN
A fi xed partial denture is routinely done for the replacement of the missing natural teeth. In the case of anterior missing teeth, conventional cantilever type of fi xed partial denture is more conservative depending upon the case selection. Replacements of anterior teeth are challenging when there is a generalized spacing between the maxillary anterior teeth. Shape and size of the pontic, which replaces the missing teeth has to be in proportion with natural anterior teeth (golden proportion). In such cases, to achieve acceptable esthetics there may be a need to involve more number of teeth by regular fi xed partial denture. Spring cantilever is an ideal solution in these situations. Th e present article covers the case selection, advantages and disadvantages of spring cantilever type of fi xed partial denture.