Anti-inflammatory Effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel Extract and its Compounds in LPS-induced RAW264.7 Cells

Inflammation plays an important role in host defense against external stimuli such as infection by pathogen, endotoxin or chemical exposure by the production of the inflammatory mediators that produced by macrophage. Anti-inflammatory factor is important to treat the dangers of chronic inflammation associated with chronic disease. This research aims to analyze the anti-inflammatory effects of Garcinia mangostana L. peel extract (GMPE), α-mangostin, and γ-mangostin in LPS-induced murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators. The cytotoxic assay of G. mangostana L. extract, α-mangostin, and γ-mangostin were performed by MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) to determine the safe and non-toxic concentration in RAW 264.7 for the further assay. The concentration of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, IL-6, and IL-1β) were measured by the ELISA-based assay and NO by the nitrate/nitrite colorimetric assay in treated LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory activity was determined by the reducing concentration of inflammatory mediators in treated LPS-induced RAW 264.7 over the untreated cells. This research revealed that GMPE, α-mangostin, and γ-mangostin possess the anti-inflammatory effect by reducing COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and NO production in LPS-induces RAW 264.7 cells.

Antioxidant and Anti-malarial Properties of Catechins.

Aims: This research was performed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti malarial activities of various catechins including catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), catechin-gallate (CG), gallocatechingallate (GCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Study Design: The antioxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and anti-malarial activity was determined by In vitro assay against P. falciparum culture, antioxidant activity was analyzed using linear regression analysis, and was continued by determining Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50). The anti-malarial activity was analyzed by probit analysis and IC50 determination. Place and Duration of Study: Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung. Pharmacognicy Laboratory, Airlangga University, Surabaya. Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung, Indonesia from March 2013 to October 2013. Results: The results showed that EC has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 = 0.41μg/ml while ECG and GCG with IC50 = 0.52 μg/ml. For anti-malarial activity, CG has the highest anti malarial activity (IC50 = 0.37 μM). Conclusion: Catechins have high antioxidant activity and CG has highest anti-malarial activity.