role of insulin and insulin like growth factor I [IGF-1] in Egyptian Neonates

Many growth factors have been shown to be included during fetal life. Insulin and insulin-like Growth factor-I [IGF-I] are important factors, that have major influence on fetal weighl gain and post-natal growth. In this study, we detennined the levels of cord blood insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I, in 40 healthy full term neonates, with its effect on their anthropometric measurements [head circumference, length, body weight] and gestational age. The studied neonates were delivered in Bab EI-Sharia Hospital, AI-Azhar university either by NVD [n=22] or by C.S [n= 18]. They were 24 males and 16 females. They delivered to healthy mothers [without D.M or any medical problems]. The neonates were classified according to their birth weight, maturity, and appropriance for gestational age into: 15 large for gestational age [LGA], 15 small for gestational age [SGA] and 10 appropriate for gestational age [AGA] as control group. Data concerning all neonates were recorded including: Mode of delivery and APGAR score. Meticulous clinical examinations to all body systems to exclude any abnormality if present Birth measurements were taken and recorded [birth weight, head circumference length and ponderal index] nsulin was measured by immunoradiometric assay and IGF-1 by radioimmuno-assay [R1A] techniques. Also, cord blood glucose was measured in all studied cases and controls. There were highly significant differences between LGA, SGA groups and AGA control group as regard birth weight, length, H, C and gestational age [p<0.01]. Also, there was significant increase in cord bl. IGF-I in LGA group as compared to AGA group [p<0.01], but no significant difference between cord bl. glucose, and cord. bl. insulin in either LGA group or SGA group compared to AGA group [p>0.05]. There were positive correlations between IGF-I and body weight, H.C and length. p<0.001 There was a positive correlation between cord bl. IGF.I and cord. bl. insulin [p<0.01]. But a negative correlation was found between cord bl. IGF-I and cord. bl. glucose [r=-0.416] [p<0.01]. There were no significant difference between LGA, SGA and control group [AGA] as regard APGAR .score, cord bl. glucose or cord bl. insulin [p>0.05]. As. regard gender discrimenation and mode of delivery, there were no correlations or significant difference in either cord blood IGF-I nor cord bl. insulin

Maternal and cord plasma leptin, insulin, and somatotropin components in correlation with neonatal birth weight and pre-eclamptic women

Both pre-eclampsia and neonatal birth weight could be interrelated and are regulated by some factors. The present study was carried to assess correlation of pre-eclampsia and neonatal birth weight with Leptin, insulin, and Somatotropic components-Three groups of pregnant women were included 12 women with severe pre-eclampsia [SPE]. 15 women with mild pre-eclampsia [MPE]. and 20 women with normal pregnancy [Control]. Maternal and cord blood samples were taken and assayed for leptin, insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3 by two step sandwich enzyme immunoassay. SPE group had significant Low birth weight [P<0.05] while MPE had non-significant relatively low birth weight P>0.05]. Maternal plasma leptin and insulin were increased [P<0.001, P<0.01 respectively in SPE and P<0.01 for both in MPE]. Maternal IGF-1 was significantly lowered [P<0.01 in SPE and P<0.05 in MPE] when compared to control. IGFBP-3 was significantly lowered in SPE and MPE [P<0.001] IGFBP-1 was significantly higher in SPE [P<0.001] than MPE [P<0.05] when compared to control. Cord blood samples had significantly lowered IGF-1 [P<0.01 in SPE, P<0.05 in MPE], significantly increased IGFBP-1 [P<0.001 in SPF, P<0.01 in MPE], and significantly decreased IGFBP-3 [P<0.01 in SPE, P<0.05 in MPE]. Ilypreinsulinemia and hypreleptinemia seemed to correlate more with pre-eclampsia than neonatal birth weight. Maternal IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 correlated more with pre-eclampsia. Cord plasma IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 correlated with neonatal birth weight. We conclude that maternal Hyperinsulinemia and Hyperleptinelnia may contribute to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia while IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are more related to the severity of pre-eclampsia Fetal IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 are considered to be compensatory mechanism against placental hypoxia in pre-eclampsia

The first report on human cases serologically diagnosed as Japanese encephalitis in Indonesia.

Although Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus was isolated from mosquitos in 1974, human JE cases have never been reported in Indonesia in spite of the prevalence of anti-JE antibodies among human and pig populations as well as abundant JE vector mosquitos. In this report, we describe serological diagnosis of JE cases in Bali. Indonesia. using IgM-capture ELISA both on serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the patients. In the first series of our investigation (Series 1), we examined serum specimens from 12 patients with clinical diagnosis of viral encephalitis, meningitis or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and found 2 possible JE cases. In the next series (Series 2), we examined both serum and CSF from encephalitis patients and gave laboratory diagnosis of JE. One of them was suspected to have concomitant or recent infection with dengue virus, probably type 3. These results strongly indicated that JE has been prevalent in Bali, Indonesia.

The effect of nonionic detergent on dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus antigens in antigen detection ELISA and IgM-capture ELISA.

In order to simplify dengue and Japanese encephalitis (JE) IgM-ELISA, we have been trying to produce antigens as infected C6/36 cell culture fluid. In this study, we examined the effect of nonionic detergents, which were used to inactivate viral infectivity, on dengue and JE antigen titers as well as the results in an IgM-capture ELISA. In the antigen detection ELISA, antigen titers were not significantly reduced after treatment with nonionic detergents (Nonidet P-40 or Triton X-100, at 0.01 to 0.1% final concentration). In contrast, in the IgM-capture ELISA, the color development was significantly reduced when the antigens were pretreated with nonionic detergents. The results suggest that certain epitopes which react with anti-viral IgM antibodies, but not IgG antibodies, have been destroyed by treatment with nonionic detergents. The results indicate that we cannot use nonionic detergents to inactivate the infectivity of assay antigens.