Role of trichinella spiralis adult and larval antigen in immunomodulation of nitric oxide [NO] expression in intestinal and muscular phase of trichinellosis

Nitric oxide [NO] mediates regulatory events that play key roles in cellular function. NO is produced through the action of nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] it is considered to be the main factor able to kill or at least to suppress various pathogens, including intracellular parasites as Plasmodium, Leishmania major, Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of. spiralis Adult Antigen [TAA] and Larval Antigen [TLA] on the expression of iNOS in both phases of infection at different postinfection intervals using specific anti-iNOS antibody. Immunohistochemistry was performed among muscle and intestinal parts excised from three groups of laboratory mice [along with control groups] at different post infection intervals: Group 1, [G[1]]: T. Spiralis infected mice and none immunized, Group 2, [G[2]]: T. spiralis infected mice and immunized with [TLA] and Group 3, [G[3]]: T spiralis infected mice and immunized with [TAA]. NO synthase immunoreactivity was detected by using peroxidase-labelled streptavidin-biotin technique and the CD3 activity [anti T-cells] was detected using Clone FC3/188A Ab The study results showed that Trichinella antigen [TLA and TAA] had modulated the expression of NO in each phase of infection. TLA was more potent than TAA in activation of NO during the muscular phase and decreasing its activity during the intestinal phase. By the inverse effect of these antigens on [NO], the integrity of the intestinal and muscular tissues had been maintained

Determination of antigenic patterns of three taenia extracts and their use for differential diagnosis of taeniasis by immunoblot

Immunoserological differential diagnosis of Taenia spp. is the major contribution of the present work. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] was used to analyze the protein components of three Taenia extracts prepared from Cysticercus bovis, Taenia saginata and Taenia taeniaeformis. Antigenic components of the three taeniid antigens revealed by [SDS-PAGE] were: [I] Cysticercus bovis cystic fluid antigen: 180, 116, 90, 66, 45, 26, 17 and 10 kD. [II] Taenia saginata excretory secretory antigen [ES]: 198, 180, 146, 116, 55, 45, 35 and 26 kD. [III] Taenia taeniaeformis whole crude antigen 170, 140, 120, 116, 66, 55, 45, 35, 26, 17 and 10 kD. The characterized extracts were used as antigens in Western Blot [WB] technique. Sera from immunized rabbits with Cysticercus bovis fluid antigens were used in detecting a variety of immunogenic bands: [I] Cysticercus bovis: 160, 116, 86, 52, 45, 38 and 29 kD. [II] Taenia saginata: 86, 68 and 10 kD. [III] Taenia taeniaeformis: 170, 116, 86, 68, 52, 45 and 29 kD. The present results suggested that the diagnostic bands by Western Blotare 160 and 38 kD for Cysticercus bovis, 10 kD for Taenia saginata [ES] antigen and 170 kD for Taenia taeniaeformis

Characterization of toxocara canis excretory secretory antigen and its application for diagnosis of clinically suspected cases of ocular toxocariasis by western blot analysis

Toxocariasis is a frequent heluminthiasis that can cause visceral and ocular damage in humans. The present work represents three cases of suspected ocular toxocariasis [OT]. Complaining of visual impairment. Ocular toxocariasis was suspected based on clinical manifestations. Diagnosis was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The identification of specific antigen of Toxocara canis is important in order to develop better diagnostic techniques. Toxocara excretory secretory antigen [TES] was prepared and it was characterized by SDS-PAGE. A characteristic pattern of nine bands was achieved. These bands were at [17, 26, 32, 35, 45, 55, 70, 90, and 120] KDa. Components of T. canis ES antigen [TES] were identified by sera of clinically suspected cases of ocular loxocariasis [OT] by using [WB] analysis. The identified proteins were grouped into one low molecular weight fraction [26-35 KDa] and one high molecular weight fraction [55-90 KDa]. These antigenic bands could be considered as a guide for the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis. Systemic albendazole was given conjunction with steroids Treatment resulted in an improved visual acuity in all patients

comparative study between enterobius vermicularis and two uncommon forms of pinworms: First record of acanthoxyurus as a human parasite

Number of the order oxyurida is called pinworms. Pinworms infection has been to be the most common intestinal parasitosis. In the present work pinworm infection has been observed in 29 out of 100 examined children complaining anal itch, abdominal pain or sleeping disorders. The worms were remover, transferred to the decretory of parasitology. They were identified as female pinworms based on their general morphology. The light and scanning electron microscopic examination started with photographic documentation revealed the presence of three different types of oxyurid females that were differentiated from each other by specific characteristics of the worms as the shape of cephalic and caudal portions, mouth meaning, and cuticular surface of the body. Two genera were studied, the genus enterobius [E. vermicularis and E. gragorii] and genus Acanthoxyurus. It could be included that the [1] the use of scanning electron microscopy [SEM] allowed to report additional morophological features of the worms, including the cuticular surface, cervical cephalic end and caudal extremity. [2] In the present work uncommon forms of pinworms [Enterobius gregorii and Acanthoxyurus] were observed in three examined cases. A new species of Acanthoxyurus was recovered from one patient and its occurrence in human beings is reported for the first time. [3] It is the first locality record of Acanthoxyurus and Enterobius gregorii pinworms. [4] The present work presents the first comparative study between the classic pinworm [E.vermicularis] and the other two species of family Oxyuride obtained from children with pinworm infection

Scanning electron microscopical studies on some metacercariae of family clinostomatidae

Clinostomatid species metacercariae are commonly found in Tilapia species. Three species of the family Clinostomatidae were observed where Clinostomum complanatum, Clinostomum phalacrocoracis and, Euclinostomum ardeolae were studied at the ultrastructural level using the scanning electron microscope. These parasites were collected from the pharyngeal region, body muscles and kidneys of Tilapia nilotica fish obtained from fish dealers. The shape of metacercariae, sensory papillae found on their surfaces, and the shape of their suckers and excretory pores showed marked difference between the three species. The present work provided some important morphological information's for comparison between three metacercariae of the family Clinostomatidae by the use of scanning electron microscope [SEM]. It also explained the mechanism of attachment of clinostomum complanatum to the host tissues and suggested that the genus Euclinostomum may have the same methods of absorption of glucose as the genus Clinostomum