RESUMEN
Caffeine at high doses is a known rodent teratogen and induces limb malformations along with cleft palate in various strains of rats and mice. The teratogenic effects of some drugs can be prevented by the application of antioxidant drugs and stimulation of the maternal immune system. Also, there is some evidence that galbanum is antioxidant. Therefore, in this study, the prophylactic effect of galbanum on teratogenic effects of caffeine was evaluated. This experimental study was performed on 28 pregnant rats that were divided into four groups. Control group received normal saline and test groups received caffeine [80 mg/kg], caffeine [80 mg/kg] plus galbanum [200 mg/kg] and galbanum [200 mg/kg], intraperitonealy at 9-11th days of gestation, respectively. Fetuses were collected at 20th day of gestation and after determination of weight and length; they were stained by Alizarin red - Alcian blue method. Cleft palate incidence was 33.3%, in caffeine group and decreased to 8.3% by galbanum. The mean of weight and length of fetuses from rat that received galbanum were significantly greater than those received only caffeine. It is concluded that galbanum decreased cleft palate induced by caffeine; but its mechanism needs more details evaluation
RESUMEN
Prenatal rat embryo exposure to retinoid induces some malformations in various organs, the most active and teratogenic metablolite is all-trans-retinoic acid [atRA]. The teratogenic effects of some drugs can be prevented by the application of antioxidant drugs and stimulation of the maternal immune system. Also, quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid has excellent antioxidant properties. Therefore, in this study, the prophylactic effect of quercetin on teratogenic effects of atRA was evaluated. In this experimental study, 40 pregnant rats were divided into 7 groups. Control group received normal saline and test groups received dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO], quercetin [75 mg/kg], quercetin [200 mg/kg], atRA [25 mg/kg], atRA [25 mg/kg] plus quercetin [75 mg/kg] and atRA [25 mg/kg] plus quercetin [200 mg/kg], intraperitoneally at 8-10th days of gestation. Fetuses were collected at 20th day of gestation and after determination of weight and length; they were stained by Alizarin red-Alcian blue method. Cleft palate, exencephaly and spina bifida incidence were 30.76, 61.53 and 30.76% range in group which received only atRA. Cleft palate, exencephaly and spina bifida incidence were 11.11, 16.66 and 5.55% in group which received atRA plus quercetin [75 mg/kg]. However, cleft palate, exencephaly and spina bifida incidence were 10.52, 10.52 and 0% in group which received atRA plus quercetin [200 mg/kg]. The means of weight and length of fetuses from rat that received atRA plus quercetin [75 mg/kg] were significantly greater than those received only atRA. It is concluded that quercetin decreased teratogenicity induced by atRA, but this subject needs more detailed evaluation
RESUMEN
Albendazole is utilized as an anthelmentic agent. One its side effect is teratogenicity. This effect apparently is related to its metabolites especially albendazole sulfoxid. The aim of present study was evaluation effect of erythromycin [as enzyme inhibitor in biotransformation] on albendazole biotransformation and consequently fetal malformation. Four groups of female pregnant wistar rats [8 rats each group] were used. First group received normal saline [as control group]. A single oral dose 30 mg/kg of albendazole was administered to rats on day 10 of gestation in group 2. Rats in group 3 received albendazole similar group 2 and erythromycin at dose 60 mg/kg. Rats in group 4 received only erythromycin on day 10 of gestation. The rats were euthanatized on day 20 of gestation. The skeletal malformation of fetus was studied by stereomicroscope after staining by Alizarin red-Alcian blue. The length and weight of fetuses were significantly decreased by albendazole but erythromycin did not prevent this effect. In group that received only erythromycin, the length and weight of fetuses was similar to control group. Erythromycin decreased albendazole effect on weight of placenta. There was an increase in resorption by erythromycin when co-administrated with albendazole. The incidence of skeletal malformations [mostly of the limbs, vertebrae and palate] decreased significantly by erythromycin when co-administrated with albendazole. Thus, erythromycin may inhibit albendazole biotransformation and decrease teratogenicity of it metabolites; but this subject needs more detailed evaluation