RESUMEN
Background:Diabetic nephropathy is the most important cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of spironolactone 25 mg once daily in addition to losartan 50 mg once daily for 12 weeks for proteinuria reduction in diabetic nephropathy. Methods:This is a prospective clinical trial was carried out in the department of nephrology, national institute of kidney diseases and urology (NIKDU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2015 to April 2016. A total of 60 patients attended the study considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Proper ethical consent was taken from the relevant. Collected data were classified, edited, and analyzed into the computer for statistical analysis using SPSS version 22. Results:The mean serum creatinine baseline, end of 1st, 4th, 8th,and 12thweeks were significantly low (p<0.05) in the control group and significantly decline (p<0.05) in subsequent follow-up in both Intervention and control groups. The mean serum potassium-baseline, end of 1st, 4th, 8th,and 12weeks were not statistically significant (p>0.05) and significantly increased (p<0.05) in both groups. Improvement of urine albumin creatinine ratio was found 96.7% and 83.3% at end of 12thweeks in both groups respectively. It was observed that mean eGFR-baseline, endof 4thand 12thweeks were statistically significantly higher (p<0.05) in both groups with baseline. Conclusions:The addition of spironolactone 25 mg once daily with losartan potassium 50 mg daily for a 12-week period did not show a significant role in the reduction of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy patients.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), diagnosed by symptom-based criteria due to lack of biomarkers, need translated-validated questionnaires in different languages. As Bengali, the mother tongue of Bangladesh and eastern India, is the seventh most spoken language in the world, we translated and validated the Enhanced Asian Rome III questionnaire (EAR3Q) in this language. METHODS: The EAR3Q was translated in Bengali as per guideline from the Rome Foundation. The translated questionnaire was validated prospectively on Bengali-speaking healthy subjects (HS, n = 30), and patients with functional dyspepsia (FD, n = 35), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, n = 40) and functional constipation (FC, n = 12) diagnosed by clinicians using the Rome III criteria. The subjects were asked to fill-in the questionnaire again after 2 weeks, to check for its reproducibility. RESULTS: During translation, the original and the backward translated English versions of the questionnaire demonstrated high concordance. Sensitivity of the Bengali questionnaire to diagnose patients with FD, IBS, FC, and HS was 100%, 100%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, considering diagnosis by the clinicians as the gold standard. On test-retest reliability analysis, Kappa values for FD, IBS, FC, and HS were 1.0, 1.0, 0.83, and 1.0, respectively. The Bengali questionnaire detected considerable overlap of FD symptoms among patients with IBS, IBS among patients with FD, and FD among patients with FC, which were not detected by the clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully translated and validated the EAR3Q in Bengali. We believe that this translated questionnaire will be useful for clinical evaluation and research on FGIDs in the Bengali-speaking population.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Pueblo Asiatico , Bangladesh , Biomarcadores , Estreñimiento , Diagnóstico , Dispepsia , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales , India , Síndrome del Colon Irritable , Madres , Estudios Prospectivos , LenguaRESUMEN
Although irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is a common gastrointestinal disorder, its prevalence is unknown, especially in the urban population of Bangladesh. This community-based study aimed to find out the prevalence of IBS and healthcare-seeking patterns using the Rome-II definition. A population-based cross-sectional survey of 1503 persons aged 15 years and above was carried out in an urban community of Bangladesh. The subjects were interviewed using a valid questionnaire based on Rome-II criteria in a home setting. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for Social Science [SPSS] Programmers and the level of significance was set at P = 0.05. A response rate of 97.2% yielded 1503 questionnaires for analysis. The prevalence of IBS was found to be 7.7% [n = 116] with a male to female ratio of 1:1.36 [49 vs. 67]. "Diarrhoea-predominant IBS" [50%, n = 58] was the predominant IBS subgroup. Symptoms of abdominal pain associated with a change in stool frequency [100%] and consistency [88.8%] were quite common. All IBS symptoms were more prevalent among women [P < 0.000]. In the past one year, 65.5% [n = 76] IBS subjects had consulted a physician with a slightly higher rate of women consulters [68.6 vs. 61.2%]. The main predictor for healthcare-seeking was the presence of multiple dyspeptic symptoms. The prevalence of IBS in the urban community was found to be similar to that in rural communities. A higher rate of consultation was found among urban IBS subjects than in the rural subjects, with sex not seen to be a discriminator to seek consultation