RESUMEN
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection [STI], leads to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and chronic pelvic pain in women as well as an increased risk of vertical transmission, conjunctivitis and pneumonitis in infants. It may also be a co-factor along with human papillomavirus [HPV] in cervical cancer progression. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CT genotypes in genital specimens of women from South Khorasan, Iran and to test the association between CT and cytology statistics
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 248 Pap smear samples from women who visited a gynecologist for routine Pap smear testing in South Khorasan province. Nested polymerase chain reaction [PCR] was used to test the residual fluids of Pap smears for CT-DNA after cytological examination. Direct sequencing, alignment and phylogenic analyses were performed on eight samples to identify their genotypes
Results: The mean age of patients was 37.54 +/- 5.21 years. Most samples had a normal cytology [214 cases, 86.29%]. Overall, 31 samples were positive for CT infection [12.5%] of which 20 [9.34%] were normal and 11 [32.35%] were abnormal, with the frequency difference being significant [P=0.022]. The co-infection of CT/HPV in total was identified in 14 cases [5.6%]. The results of sequencing eight samples out of the 31 CT positive samples revealed the detection of genotypes D and E, each with four cases
Conclusion: We show that a high prevalence of genital CT infection is present in women with both normal and abnormal cytology; however, the higher prevalence among women in the abnormal group may indicate its involvement in cervical neoplasia
RESUMEN
Background and Aim: Chronic otitis media with effusion is a common childhood infection. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of bacterial causes of chronic otitis media with effusion and their drug resistance in patients with intact tympanic membranes
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 100 patients with chronic otitis media with effusion who underwent myringotomy from October 2011 to September 2013 were selected through census and assessed. First of all, their middle ear secretions were collected and cultured in thioglycollate broth. Then, the isolated bacteria were identified and their drug sensitivity was evaluated using standard disk diffusion method
Results: Out of 87 samples with positive culture results the most common bacteria isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci [39%] and streptococcus alpha, beta, and non-hemolytic [24%]. A significant association between the type of bacteria isolated from the ear with acute otitis media discharge [P = 0. 003], affected ears [P = 0. 049] and presence of allergy [P = 0. 029] was observed. Among the antibiotics tested, the highest sensitivity was that of levofloxacin [94. 7%], clindamycin [84. 9%], and ciprofloxacin [83. 3%] and the highest resistance belonged to oxacillin [77. 1%], trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [59. 4%] and cefixime [58. 3%]
Conclusion: Based to the obtained results, when the middle ear secretion culture is impossible, administration of the antibiotics clindamycin and ciprofloxacin to the patients is recommended
RESUMEN
Background and Aim: In traditional medical sources numerous antibacterial effects of Rosa damascene extract are mentioned. Thus, the present study aimed at assessing the antimicrobial effect of five different synthetic brands of rose water and aqueous extract of the flower in comparison with rose oil
Materials and Methods: Five different brands of synthetic rose water each having concentrations of 1 ,10, 25,50,75,and 100, water extract of Rosa damascene with concentrations of 0.2mg/ml,2mg/ml, 5mg/ml,10mg/ml,15mg/ml, and 20mg/ml and rose oil whose concentrations were 0.1 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 2.5mg/ml, 5mg/ml, and 10mg/ml were tested regarding to their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans by broth micro-dilution assay. All bacterial turbidities were examined visually. Each test was repeated three times
Results: In this study, the use of any concentration of rose water failed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms completely. However, it was found that there is a significant difference between increasing of rose water concentration and decreasing the microorganism growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values of water extract of Rosa damascene were 8 mg/ml in Staphylococcus aureus, 6 mg/ml in Enterococcus faecalis and Esherichia coli, and 4 mg/ml in Candida albicans. The MIC values of rose oil were 10 mg/ml in Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli, 5mg/ml in Enterococcus faecalis, 1 mg/ml in Candida albicans. No inhibitory effect of Rose extract and Rose oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found
Conclusion: The current study showed rose water, water extract of rosa damascene, and rose oil have antimicrobial effects. However, clinical use of this finding requires more extensive studies