One new glycoside naphthopyranone from the Yiling cave-derived Metarhizium anisopliae NHC-M3-2 / 药学学报

Seven compounds were isolated from fermentation extract of cave-derived Metarhizium anisopliae NHC-M3-2 by silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC and other chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS and NMR methods as 2,3-dehydroindigotide G (1), (-)-regiolone (2), naphtho-γ-pyrone (3), indigotide G (4), indigotide B (5) destruxin A (6) and destruxin B (7). Compound 1 is a new glycoside naphthopyranone compound. The anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity of these compounds was evaluated. The EC50 and CC50 of compound 3 against HBV were 4.5 μmol·L-1 and 92.3 μmol·L-1, respectively. This is the first report of the antiviral activity of compound 3.

Polymerase chain reaction-based assays facilitate the breeding and study of mouse models of Klinefelter syndrome / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is one of the most frequent genetic abnormalities and the leading genetic cause of nonobstructive azoospermia. The breeding and study of KS mouse models are essential to advancing our knowledge of the underlying pathological mechanism. Karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization are reliable methods for identifying chromosomal contents. However, technical issues associated with these methods can decrease the efficiency of breeding KS mouse models and limit studies that require rapid identification of target mice. To overcome these limitations, we developed three polymerase chain reaction-based assays to measure specific genetic information, including presence or absence of the sex determining region of chromosome Y (Sry), copy number of amelogenin, X-linked (Amelx), and inactive X specific transcripts (Xist) levels. Through a combined analysis of the assay results, we can infer the karyotype of target mice. We confirmed the utility of our assays with the successful generation of KS mouse models. Our assays are rapid, inexpensive, high capacity, easy to perform, and only require small sample amounts. Therefore, they facilitate the breeding and study of KS mouse models and help advance our knowledge of the pathological mechanism underlying KS.

Study on chemical constituents from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma calidophilum / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents were isolated and purified from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma calidophilum by various column chromatographic techniques, and their chemical structures were identified through combined analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. As a result, 11 compounds were isolated and identified as(24E)-lanosta-8,24-dien-3,11-dione-26-al(1), ganoderone A(2), 3-oxo-15α-acetoxy-lanosta-7,9(11), 24-trien-26-oleic acid(3),(23E)-27-nor-lanosta-8,23-diene-3,7,25-trione(4), ganodecanone B(5), ganoderic aldehyde A(6), 11β-hydroxy-lucidadiol(7), 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone(8), methyl gentiate(9), ganoleucin C(10), ganotheaecolumol H(11). Among them, compound 1 is a new triterpenoid. The cytotoxic activities of all of the compounds against tumor cell lines were evaluated. The results showed that compounds 1, 3, 4 and 6 showed cytotoxic activity against BEL-7402, with IC_(50) values of 26.55, 11.35, 23.23, 18.66 μmol·L~(-1); compounds 1 and 3-6 showed cytotoxic activity against K562, with IC_(50) values of 5.79, 22.16, 12.16, 35.32, and 5.59 μmol·L~(-1), and compound 4 showed cytotoxic activity against A549, with IC_(50) value of 42.50 μmol·L~(-1).

Analysis of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Differences in Umbilical Cord Blood Nucleated Red Blood Cells Between Term and Preterm Infants / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the genome-wide DNA methylation differences in umbilical cord blood nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) between term and preterm infants by using the methylation gene chip technology, and to screen the genes of differential methylation and biological signaling pathways which may be related to the expression of γ-globin gene (HBG).@*METHODS@#Umbilical cord bloods of eight term infants and eight preterm infants were collected, and NRBCs of each sample was isolated, then genome DNA was extracted and bisulfite conversion was performed. The DNA methylation sites were detected by using the Illumina 850K BeadChip. Differential DNA methylation sites were screened, and the function of genes with differential methylation was analyzed by using GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the preterm group, 4749 differential DNA methylation sites of term group were screened out, including 4359 hypomethylation sites and 390 hypermethylation sites. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the function of genes with differential methylation mainly involved in the hemopoietic system, growth and development process, Wnt and Notch signal pathways.@*CONCLUSION@#The differentical methylation sites at genome-wide level in umbilicar cord blood NRBC of term and preterm infants have been obtained, and the signal pathway and genes which possibily related with swiching the expression of γ-globin gene to β-globin gene have been screened-out. This study provide the new targets for studing the mechamism regulating expression of HBG gene.

Cellular stress and redox activity proteins are involved in gastric carcinogenesis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection expressing high levels of thioredoxin-1 / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Helicobacter pylori infection is related to the development of gastric diseases. Our previous studies showed that high thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) expression in H. pylori can promote gastric carcinogenesis. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, we performed an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of stomach tissues from Mongolian gerbil infected with H. pylori expressing high and low Trx1. Differences in the profiles of the expressed proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics and verified using Western blot analysis. We found three candidate proteins, 14-3-3α/β, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), in high Trx1 tissues compared with low Trx1 tissues and concluded that cellular stress and redox activity-related proteins were involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer associated with H. pylori Trx1.

Effect of nursing intervention on catheter prolapse of powerpPICC / 现代临床护理

Objective To study the effect of nursing intervention on the catheter prolapse of the powerpPICC (high pressure injection type PICC catheter). Methods A total of 140 patients with powerpPICC were divided into observation group and control group by the catheter inserting time, with 70 cases in each group. The observation group received conventional nursing care, and the control group the targeted care measures based on analysis of catheter prolapse in the observation group. Result The rate of catheter prolapse in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The prolapse of powerpPICC is related to catheter material, exposed length, fixed method, patient's compliance, catheter caring method. The care measures based on the different causes can decrease the rate of catheter prolapse and extend its duration.

A new sesquiterpene from Chinese agarwood induced by artificial holing / 中国中药杂志

In order to study the chemical constituents of n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract from Chinese agarwood induced by artificial holing, various chromatographic techniques were carried out to isolate compounds, and the structures of compounds were determined through a combined analysis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic evidence. Seven compounds were obtained and identified as selina-3,11-dien-9,15-diol (1), aquilarone D (2), 5α,6β,7α,8β-tetrahydroxy-2-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone (3), 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (4), syringin (5), methyl (Z)-p-coumarate (6), and 4'-methoxycinnamic acid (7), among which compound 1 was a new compound and compounds 5-7 were isolated from agarwood for the first time. The bioactivity assay results concluded that compounds 6 and 7 showed certain nematicidal activity against Panagrellus redivivus, and compounds 4, 6 and 7 exhibited cytotoxicity against BEL-7402, SGC-7901 and A549 carcinoma cell lines.

Different treatment modes for cerebral microlesions: a comparison of clinical efficacy / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To tentatively establish a diagnosis and treatment mode for effectively controlling the progress of cerebral microlesions (CM) and preventing the incidence of cerebral infarction (CI) by comparing different intervention modes for treating CM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial, 408 subjects with multiple CM were assigned to the Chinese medical pharmacy intervention group (Group A, 100 case), the aspirin intervention group (Group B, 104 cases), the negative control group (Group C, 100 cases), and the non-intervention group (Group D, 104 cases). No intervention was given to those in Group D. Patients in the other 3 groups were intervened by life style and routine therapies of vasculogenic risk factors. Those in Group A took Guizhi Fuling Pill (GFP) and earthworm powder additionally. Those in Group B took aspirin additionally. They were routinely followed-up. The CM, the changes of vasculogenic risk factors, and the incidence rate of CI were compared among the 4 groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate of CM was 66.67% in Group A, obviously higher than that of Group B (52.32%), Group C (42.86%), and Group D (37.04%), respectively. It was obviously higher in Group B than in Group D, showing statistical difference (P <0.01, P <0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of LDL-C, TC, and TG were obviously lower in Group A than in Group B (P <0.05); the serum levels of LDL-C and TC were obviously lower in Group A than in Group C (P <0.01); the systolic pressure was obviously lower in Group A than in Group D (P <0.05). The systolic pressure and the serum TC level were obviously lower in Group C than in Group D (P <0.05). The incidence rate of CI was 2.17% (2/92 cases) in Group A, obviously lower than that of Group C (11.36% ,10/88 cases) and Group D (14.44%, 13/90 cases), showing statistical difference (P <0.05). But there was no statistical difference between Group A and Group B (6.74% ,6/89 cases) (P >0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GFP combined earthworm powder could treat CM, control vasculogenic risk factors, and finally prevent the incidence of CI. Standard Chinese medical intervention mode showed the optimal effects in treating CM and preventing the incidence of CI, and perhaps it could be spread clinically.</p>

Observations of in vitro pollen germination of Prunella vulgaris / 中国中药杂志

To determine the optimal condition of pollen germination. The pollen of Prunella vulgaris was cultured in vitro. Pollen germination rates were recorded using 10% H3BO4, 30% Ca(NO3)2, 20% MgSO4 and 10% KNO3 as the basic mineral medium with PEG of different molecular weight, sucrose of various density and multiple pH value. The rates were also measured under different cultivation temperature and pollen acquisition time. The optimal condition of pollen germination is 10% H3 BO4, 30% Ca(NO3)2, 20% MgSO4, 10% KNO3, and 25% PEG-4000 as the medium, with pH about 6. 5 and pollen acquired at the beginning of blossom.

Preliminary study on breeding system of Prunella vulgaris / 中国中药杂志

The research was conducted to study the breeding system of Prunella vulgaris L. Flowering dynamics was observed. Pollen viability, stigma receptivity, pollen-ovule ratio (P/O), out-crossing index (OCI) were measured. Bagging experiments were conducted. The results showed that the life span of one single flower was 1-2 days, the flowering span for the inflorescence of stalk was 7-14 days, the P/O was 1 046+/-148. 26, the OCI was 2. Combined with results of bagging experiment, the breeding system of P. vulgaris L. was mixed with cross-polination and self pollination. In the absence of pollination insects, the pollination and fertilization can be accomplished with high seed setting rate, and the seeds have a relatively high germination rate.

Retrospective investigation of inpatients with chronic wounds / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate cause of chronic wounds and related status of patients so as to provide strategy for study and treatment of chronic wounds and establishment of health policy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of twelve thousand one hundred and sixty-one cases hospitalized in our hospital in 2008 were enrolled in the study. A chronic wound was defined as skin tissue defect which could not heal after one month of treatment. Medical records were thus screened. Then a retrospective study was performed on patients with chronic wounds with analysis of age, gender, injury cause, therapy, and average length of hospital stay. Data were processed with chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Investigation showed: 397 out of 12 161 cases (accounting for 3.3%) were recognized as having chronic wounds. (1) The main causes for chronic wound were burn, diabetes, and pressure ulcer, accounting for 59.9% (238/397), 15.6% (62/397), 10.8% (43/397), respectively. The other causes were operative injury, infection, varicosity, etc. There was statistical difference among the numbers of patients with chronic wounds with regard to various causes of injury (χ(2) = 136.21, P = 0.001). (2) Among patients with chronic wound, the ratio of male and female was 2.0:1.0 with mean age of (44 ± 23) years, and the highest ratio occurred in patients older than 70 years. There was significant difference in the numbers of patients with chronic wound among different age groups (χ(2) = 24.12, P = 0.025). There was statistical difference among the numbers of patients with chronic wound in different age groups with each cause of injury (with χ(2) values from 7.86 to 28.31, P values all below 0.05). (3) All patients with chronic wounds received traditional dressing. In 60.5% (240/397) and 86.4% (343/397) of patients, operative treatment or antibiotics were given. (4) The average length of hospital stay in patients with chronic wound [(38 ± 27) d] was longer as compared with that of all the inpatients in the same period [(15 ± 7) d, F = 22.82, P = 0.012]. There was obvious difference in the average length of hospital stay among patients with chronic wound caused by different reasons (F = 24.06, P = 0.036), in which burn injury resulted in the longest length of hospital stay [(47 ± 27) d].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chronic wounds are mainly caused by diabetes and burn, and characterized by old age and longer length of hospital stay. It is necessary to strengthen translational research and related policy making, so that more rational treatment can be applied for patients with chronic wounds.</p>

Using extended Wilson model to study the relationship between critical relative humidity and solubility of electrolytes / 药学学报

Based on thermodynamic principle, the critical relative humidity of electrolytes is closely related to their solubility. The authors explored the relationship theoretically and calculated critical relative humidity of 21 electrolytes from their solubility in the light of Raoult's law and extended Wilson model. The results indicate that the critical relative humidity values calculated by Raoult's law can not accord with the reported ones and there is a systematic error in the high concentration range; while these calculated by extended Wilson model are comparable to the reported ones.

The expressional alterations of CSF-1R after ischemic injury of cerebral cortex / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To observe the expressional alterations of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) after ischemic injury of cerebral cortex, and study the function of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1)/CSF-1R signal during the process of ischemic injury and repair of central nervous system (CNS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We examined the distribution and expression of CSF-1R in normal brain tissues and ischemic brain tissues by immunohistology and Western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of CSF-1R in neurons could be up-regulated by ischemic injury in CNS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CSF-1/CSF-1R might take part in the process of ischemic injury and repair.</p>

Pifithrin-alpha reduces cerebral vasospasm by attenuating apoptosis of endothelial cells in a subarachnoid haemorrhage model of rat / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The mechanism of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is not understood. Here, we hypothesized that apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by p53 and its target gene em dash p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) played an important role in development of cerebral vasospasm. We also observed the effects of a p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-alpha (PFT-alpha), on reducing the expression of p53 and PUMA, consequently decreasing the apoptosis of endothelial cells and alleviating cerebral vasospasm.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into five groups: a control group (sham surgery), a SAH group, a SAH+dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, a SAH + PFT-alpha (0.2 mg/kg) group and a SAH + PFT-alpha (2.0 mg/kg) group. PFT-alpha was injected intraperitoneally immediately after SAH. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after SAH. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the levels of p53, PUMA and caspase-3 protein. In addition, mortality and neurological scores were assessed for each group. Statistical significance was assured by analysis of variance performed in one way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. The neurological and mortality scores were analyzed by Dunn's method and Fisher exact test, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After SAH, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining showed the levels of p53, PUMA and caspase-3 in the endothelial cells and the numbers of TdT mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) positive endothelial cells were all significantly increased in the basilar arteries (P<0.05), but significantly reduced by PFT-alpha (P<0.05). These changes were accompanied by increasing diameters and declining wall thickness of basilar arteries (P<0.05), as well as reduced mortality and neurological deficits of the rats (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PFT-alpha could protect cerebral vessels from development of vasospasm and improve neurological outcome as well as reduce the mortality via suppressing apoptosis induced by p53 in the endothelial cells of cerebral vessels.</p>

Effect of dexamethasone on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the human recombinant adiponectin / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The fat derived protein adiponectin plays an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to provide the experimental basis for further investigating on adiponectin (ADPN) function. Its eukaryotic recombinant was constructed and expressed in precursor cells of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The effects of dexamethasone on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells with human recombinant adiponectin were assessed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The recombinant plasmid pMD18-T-hADPN and eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) were digested by two restrictive endonucleases and adiponectin and linear pcDNA3.1(+) were obtained. Then, they were ligated and translated into JM109. The recombinant pcDNA3.1(+)-hADPN so obtained was identified by digestion by restrictive endonuclease and nucleotide sequencing. The 3T3-L1 precursor cells were transfected using SuperFect Transfection Reagent (Qiagen). Furthermore, 3T3-L1 cells with human recombinant adiponectin incubated with dexamethasone (0.5 mmol/L) for 24 hours, cells were collected and total RNA was extracted. The PPAR-gamma mRNA expression was quantified by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After eukaryotic recombinant was digested by Hind III and EcoR I, fragments of 800 bp and 5.4 kb were identified by nucleotide sequence scanning and consistent with theoretical values. Electrophoretogram of RT-PCR in 3T3-L1 precursors showed only one band in front of 250 bp, which was consistent with theoretical value 234 bp. In the 3T3-L1 cells, 3T3-L1 cells with plasmid and 3T3-L1 cells human recombinant adiponectin, treatment with dexamethasone (0.5 mmol/L) decreased PPAR-gamma mRNA expression compared to untreated controls (P < 0.01). Effect of dexamethasone on PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells was reversed by stably transfected human recombinant adiponectin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 3T3-L1 cells stably transfected human recombinant adiponectin had increased PPAR-gamma mRNA expression. Dexamethasone suppressed PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in the 3T3-L1 cells. Effect of dexamethasone on PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells was reversed by stably transfected human recombinant adiponectin.</p>

A method for measuring the contribution of individual factor to disease caused by multiple risk factors / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the contribution of individual risk factor to a disease on someone with several risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A method based on epidemiological theory and Bayes' theorem was established to measure the contribution of individual risk factor, using the relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) value obtained from population-based cohort studies or meta-analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportional contribution for individual risk factor to disease in one person can be measured or estimated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method can be applied to risk assessment in a patient with more than one risk factor, and the results also contribute to our etiological study and clinical decision-making strategy.</p>