RESUMEN
To use in the identification of Legionella pneumophila isolates, one Legionella genus-specific, an two L. pneumophila species-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced. Reactivities of the MAbs with Legionella species and non-Legionella strains were tested by immunoblot. MAb 7D8-F1, MAb 7D8-A9, and MAb 1G12-C11 reacted only with protein. MAb 7D8-F1 recognized a genus-specific epitope in the protein ranged from 28 to 34 kDa in the tested 40 species with 61 serogroups. MAb 7D8-A9 and MAb 1G12-C11 reacted strongly with 49 kDa and 70 kDa protein from 18 L. pneumophila serogroups but did not react with 39 non-L. pneumophila species, respectively. In addtion, 17 non-Legionella strains, including Coxiella burnetii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pseudomonas areoginosa, Francisella tularensis, and Staphylococcus pneumoniae did not show cross-reacivities with the three MAbs. The MAbs reacted with 28 environmemtal isolates and three clinical isolates previously identified as L. pneumophila. When the immunoblot patterns were divided into four types (type I~IV) by using MAb 7D8-F1, all the 31 isolates belonged to the type II. These results indicate that the MAbs were highly specific to Legionella and can be used for the identification of L. pneumophila isolates on the genus and species levels.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Coxiella burnetii , Francisella tularensis , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Legionella pneumophila , Legionella , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Neumonía , Neumonía por Mycoplasma , Pseudomonas , StaphylococcusRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It is well known that atrial fibrillation is common cardiac arrythmia in old age and poses a definitive risk factor of cerebral infarction. Therefore, effective treatment of atrial fibrillation is very important in the prevention of cerebral infarction. However, oral anticoagulant medication for the prevention of embolic ischemic stroke may be dangerous due to cerebral hemorrhage side effects. METHODS: This is a controlled case study designed to identify the risk factors in a large numbers of stroke and atrial fibrillation patients and to assess those patients with atrial fibrillation as a high risk group for cerebral infarction. All patient discharged from Chonnam National University Hospital were identified over a 42 month period who met our case standards of atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke (n=62), and compared them with the control groups who were discharged with atrial fibrillation without stroke(n=68). We excluded the atrial fibrillation due to valvular heart disease, ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure during the selection of subjects. RESULTS: Subjects and the controls were characteristically similar with common past medical histories of diabets, smoking, and hyperlipidemia. Sex, familial history, left ventricular hypertrophy in 2D-echocardiogram were also similar in both groups, however differences did exist. Subjects were significantly older than controls(68.9 : 63.9, p40mm)(52.6% : 29.0%, p<0.001). Each of these 3 factors were assinged a measure of 1 point as a risk score, ischemic embolic stroke was found in 4 out of 28 patients(14.3%) with a risk score of 0, in 16 out of 39 patients(41.0%) with a risk score of 1, in 29 out of 41 patients(70.7%) with a risk score of 2, in 8 out of 11 patients(72.7%) with a risk score of 3. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the above results, a subject having more than two risk factors should be regarded as a high risk group for cerebral infarction and the long term anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of stroke may also be necessary even though some complications are present.