RESUMEN
Background/aim: Cancer of the urinary bladder is a worldwide disease in which transitional cell carcinoma is the most common histologic type. The diagnosis of dysplasia is particularly important, as it is the precursor of invasive carcinoma. The present study aimed to investigate the role of image analysis together with Ki-67 immunostaining in bladder dysplasia and invasive urothelial carcinoma
Materials and methods: This study was carried out in 80 urinary bladder paraffin blocks that were selected from the Department of Pathology of Kasr El-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Egypt. The studied cases were divided into four groups: six cases of normal bladder mucosa, 12 cases of chronic cystitis, 18 cases of epithelial dysplasia, and 44 cases with transitional cell carcinoma. Morphometric analysis and Ki-67 expression were studied in all cases using an image analysis system
Results: All morphometric parameters, DNA index, and proliferating cells' percent and Ki-67 index were increasing from normal, chronic cystitis, dysplasia to carcinoma cases. However, nuclear area, length, size, and epithelial stromal ratio showed significant differences between dysplasia and carcinoma cases [P<0.05]. High-grade carcinoma showed significant enlargement of nuclear area and size, as compared with low-grade carcinoma. DNA index and proliferating cells' % showed a significant difference between dysplasia and carcinoma cases. Both parameters were significantly higher in high-grade carcinoma. Normal bladder and chronic cystitis cases exhibited negative stain for Ki-67. However, all cases of dysplasia and carcinoma exhibited a positive stain for Ki-67. The carcinoma cases showed a significantly higher Ki-67 index [68%] than the dysplastic cases [34%]
Conclusion: The present study revealed the usefulness of image analysis together with Ki-67 expression in discriminating cases of bladder dysplasia and carcinoma
RESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new photochromic flowable composite resin [Tetric Flow Chroma] regarding fracture toughness and short-term fluoride release comparing it with a regular flowable composite [Tetric Flow] and a resin-modified glass ionomer liner [GC Fuji Lining LC]. For fracture toughness [K[IC]] testing, ten rectangular specimens were prepared for each material according to the manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were subjected to three-point bending using a Universal Testing Machine as described in ASTM standard E 399-83. To study the fluoride release, 10 disc-shaped specimens were prepared from each material. Fluoride release was recorded, after 24 hours, one and two weeks following storage in double distilled water, using a specific fluoride electrode and an ion analyzer. The data of fracture toughness and fluoride release were analyzed and compared using ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls statistical tests [p < 0.05]. The results showed that Tetric Flow Chroma exhibited the highest mean K[IC] value [1.22 +/- 0.20 MPa.mO.5]. The K[IC] values for both types of composites were significantly higher than that of GC Fuji Lining [0.84 +/- 0.15 MPa.mO.5]. GC Fuji Lining showed a significantly higher fluoride release values compared with both types of the tested composites at all time periods. Fluoride release of Telric Flow Chroma and Tetric Flow significantly increased with time. Regarding fracture toughness and fluoride release, Tetric Flow Chroma can be successfully used as a cavity liner under composite resins
RESUMEN
Metallothioneins [MTs] constitute a family of several intracellular, low molecular-weight proteins with a high affinity to various heavy metals. They are involved in metalloregulatory functions such as cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation. The goals of the present study were to investigate the expression of MT in hyperplastic, dysplastic and neoplastic prostatic lesions and to correlate its expression with histologic grade of prostatic carcinoma. This study was performed on Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue blocks from 8 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH], 6 patients with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia [PIN] and 30 patients with prostatic carcinoma [PC] using streptavidin-biotin technique. The histologic grade was defined and the carcinoma cases were divided into 8 low grade [Gleason 2-4], 12 moderate grade [Gleason 5-6] and 10 high grade [Gleason 7-10] carcinoma. Normal and benign prostatic tissues showed patchy MT staining of epithelial cells. All cases of PIN, 20 out of 30 PC cases [66.7%] showed positive staining for MT. MT expression significantly increased from low to high grade tumours. The proportion of MT positively stained cells was directly correlated with histologic grade of PC. The epithelial cells lack uniformity in staining intensity, but the percentage of strongly positive cells increased with increasing the histologic grade of PC. The high incidence of MT expression in PIN in this study suggests that it is associated with early prostate tumorigenesis. Also MT expression was directly correlated with histologic grade of PC suggesting that MT may be a useful marker for predicting prognosis of cancer prostate