Effects caused by the spinal administration of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives, using a single puncture, and located on the spinal cord and meninges in rabbits

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives and administered as a subarachnoid single puncture on the spinal cord and meninges of rabbits. METHODS: Twenty young adult female rabbits, each weighing 3500-5000 g and having a spine length between 34 and 38 cm, were divided by lot into two groups (G): 0.9% saline in G1 and ketamine S (+) 5% in G2, by volume of 5 μg per cm column (0.18 mL). After intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, the subarachnoid space was punctured at S1-S2 under ultrasound guidance, and a random solution was injected. The animals remained in captivity for 21 days under medical observation and were sacrificed by decapitation. The lumbosacral spinal cord portion was removed for immunohistochemistry to assess the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and histology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain. RESULTS: No histological lesions were found in the nervous tissue (roots and cord) or meninges in either group. CONCLUSION: The ketamine S (+) 5% unpreserved triggered no neurological or histological lesions in the spinal cord or meninges of rabbits. .

Lepromatous leprosy and perianal tuberculosis: a case report and literature review

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a microorganism that usually affects skin and nerves. Although it is usually well-controlled by multidrug therapy (MDT), the disease may be aggravated by acute inflammatory reaction episodes that cause permanent tissue damage particularly to peripheral nerves. Tuberculosis is predominantly a disease of the lungs; however, it may spread to other organs and cause an extrapulmonary infection. Both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries including Brazil, and cases of coinfection have been reported in the last decade. Nevertheless, simultaneous occurrence of perianal cutaneous tuberculosis and erythema nodosum leprosum is very rare, even in countries where both mycobacterial infections are endemic.

Lepromatous leprosy and perianal tuberculosis: a case report and literature review

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a microorganism that usually affects skin and nerves. Although it is usually well-controlled by multidrug therapy (MDT), the disease may be aggravated by acute inflammatory reaction episodes that cause permanent tissue damage particularly to peripheral nerves. Tuberculosis is predominantly a disease of the lungs; however, it may spread to other organs and cause an extrapulmonary infection. Both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries including Brazil, and cases of coinfection have been reported in the last decade. Nevertheless, simultaneous occurrence of perianal cutaneous tuberculosis and erythema nodosum leprosum is very rare, even in countries where both mycobacterial infections are endemic.(AU)

Lesöes do trato gastrointestinal na síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida: estudo de 45 necrópsias consecutivas / Lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: study of 45 consecutive necropsies

Com objetivo de estudar a frequência e etiologia das lesoes do tubo digestivo na Sindrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS), foram analisadas retrospectivamente 45 necrópsias consecutivas de pacientes adultos portadores do vírus da AIDS. Lesoes macroscópicas e cortes histológicos de amostras da boca à regiao anal foram estudados, sendo as lâminas coradas por HE, métodos histoquímicos ou imunohistoquímicos. Trinta e sete (82,3 por cento)pacientes apresentaram lesoes no tubo digestivo. O local mais freqüente de lesoes foi a boca (73,3 por cento), seguido do cólon (55,5 por cento). Lesoes múltiplas foram identificadas em 17 (37,7 por cento)casos. O diagnóstico mais prevalente foi infecçao pelo citomegalovírus (35,7 por cento) identificado predominantemente no cólon. Candidíase foi mais freqüente na boca (26,6 por cento) e infecçao herpética no esôfago (8,8 por cento). Verificou-se leucoplasia pilosa oral em 16 (35,5 por cento) e neoplasias em sete (]5,5 por cento). As neoplasias incluíram quatro sarcomas de Kaposi, dois carcinomas intramucosos anais e um linfoma gástrico. Os dados do presente estudo confirmam a importância do trato gastrointestinal como sede de alteraçoes patológicas relacionadas à AIDS.

Oncócitos e dacriocistite crônica / Oncocytes and chronic dacryocystitis

Analisamos secçöes histológicas dos fragmentos de saco lacrimal de 62 portadores de dacriocistite crônica e encontramos presença de oncócitos em 11,29 por cento dos pacientes. A metaplasia oncocítica foi mais frequente em indivíduos acima dos 30 anos de idade e nos portadores da obstruçäo há mais de 1 ano.

Adenoma pleomórfico na pálpebra: relato de caso e revisäo de literatura / Pleomorphic adenoma of lid: a case report and literature review

O adenoma pleomórfico é um tumor benigno que pose se originar das glândulas salivares, lacrimais e sudoríparas. A localizaçäo nas pálpebras é infrequente. Os autores apresentam um caso de adenoma pleomórfico na pálpebra inferior, com comentários a respeito dos demais casos descritos na literatura

Carcinoma epidermóide conjuntival em pacientes jovens / Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in young patients

Relato de 4 casos de carcinoma epidermóide conjuntival em pacientes jovens e tecemos consideraçöes sobre o aspecto clínico, histopatológico e tratamento