Prevalencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño en pacientes asmáticos que se controlan en el Hospital Roberto del Río: estudio piloto / Prevalence of sleep breathing disorders in asthmatic patients monitored at Roberto del Río Hospital: a pilot study

Introducción. El asma es una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes en niños. Múltiples estudios han sugerido que en la infancia presenta una asociación significativa con los trastornos respiratorios del sueño, con una prevalencia en niños asmáticos de un 24%. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) en pacientes con asma controlados en un hospital pediátrico (6-15 años). Pacientes y Método. Estudio transversal descriptivo. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios de sueño pediátrico validado en español (pediatric sleep questionnaire, PSQ) y el Cuestionario de Control del Asma en Niños (CAN) a los padres de los niños con diagnósticos de asma controlados en Hospital Roberto del Río, vía telefónica y vía email. Resultados: La prevalencia de TRS fue de 34,8%. Un 20% presenta mal control de asma definido como CAN >8. Un 58,1% de los padres reportaron sobrepeso en los pacientes Conclusiones: la prevalencia de TRS en los niños estudiados es alta y obliga a investigar en cada consulta por estos síntomas. Aplicar la encuesta en cada consulta, de forma online podría aportar al conocimiento de estos pacientes y mantener la prevalencia del problema actualizada, para focalizar las intervenciones apropiadas.

Introduction. Asthma is one of the most frequent chronic diseases in children, multiple studies have suggested that in childhood it presents a significant association with sleep-disordered breathing, with a prevalence in asthmatic children of 24%.The objective was to determine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (RRT) in patients with asthma controlled in a pediatric hospital (6-15 years). Patients and Methods. Descriptive cross-sectional study. The pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) and the Child Asthma Control Questionnaire (CAN) were applied to the parents of children with controlled asthma diagnoses at Hospital Roberto del Río, by telephone and via e-mail. Results: The prevalence of RRT was 34.8%. 20% have poor asthma control defined as CAN> 8. 58.1% of parents reported overweight in patients Conclusions: the prevalence of RRT in the children studied is high and makes it necessary to investigate these symptoms at each visit. Applying the survey in each consultation, online, could contribute to the knowledge of these patients and keep the prevalence of the problem updated, in order to focalized the interventions.

Prevalencia del cáncer de próstata en la comuna de Talca, VII región Chile / Prevalence of prostate cancer in the seventh region of Chile

Background: In 1998, there were 1,218 deaths in Chile caused by prostate cancer. This figure results in a death rate of 16.6 per 100,000 males for this disease. Aim: To assess the prevalence of prostate cancer in the Seventh Region of Chile. Material and methods: A probabilistic sample of 327 males aged 40 to 59 years old was studied. In all, a codified questionnaire was applied, a digital rectal examination was performed and a blood sample was drawn to measure prostate specific antigen. All digital rectal examinations were performed by the same observer. Patients with an abnormal rectal examination or prostate specific antigen were subjected to a prostatic biopsy under ultrasound guidance. Results: In 14 subjects, the digital rectal examination was considered abnormal and in seven, prostate specific antigen was over 4 ng/ml. All subjects with elevated prostate specific antigen had an abnormal rectal examination. In three of the 14 subjects, the biopsy showed a well differentiated adenocarcinoma. All three were aged over 50 years old. The resulting calculated prevalence of prostate cancer was 9.2 per 1,000 males (CI 4.2-14.1). Conclusions: the cost effectiveness of screening for early diagnosis of prostate cancer must be calculated, to decide its incorporation in preventive medical examinations

Addison inaparente: causa de drástica reducción del requerimiento de insulina en una paciente con diabetes, tiroiditis de Hashimoto y enfermedad de Basedow / Unapparent Addison: cause of striking reduction of insulin requirements in a patient with diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Basedow's disease

We report a 30 years old woman with sporadic poliglandular autoimmune syndrome type II, first seen with an insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and a Grave-Basedow disease that became spontaneously with positive antimicrosomal antibodies. Six years later she presented with persistent vomiting and remarkable reduction in insulin requirements. She had low basal and stimulated cortisol levels and the diagnosis of severe adrenal failure was reached. A CT scan showed normal adrenal glands, she dis not have cutaneous hyperpigmentation nor evidences of mineralcorticoid deficit. A selective autoimmune damage of the fascicular zone was assumed but a selective damage of ACTH producing pituitary cells cannot be discarded. The importance of investigating adrenal function in cases of unexplained reduction of insulin requirements is emphasized

Estado de la nutrición en hierro en escolares rurales y urbanos de Talca / Iron nutritional status in rural and urban school children of Talca

La deficiencia de hierro es una de las carencias nutricionales mas frecuentes y puede afectar los rendimientos físico e intelectual. El propósito de este estudio fue conocer el estado de la nutrición en hierro de escolares de 8 a 11 años, de colegios rurales y urbanos adscritos al "programa de las 900 escuelas", de mejoramiento de los establecimientos de áreas pobres, en la provincia de Talca. En los niños y niñas de colegios rurales se registraron promedios significativamente mas altos de concentración de hemoglobina (13,7 y 13,6 g/dl) que en los colegios urbanos (13,0 y 13,1 g/dl) (p<0,05). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la saturación de transferrina y ferritina sérica. No se comprobaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres para las diferentes variables de ambos grupos (urbano y rural). Las mujeres de colegios urbanos presentaron frecuencias de 4,5, 7,0 y 2,1 por ciento de escasez de hierro, eritropoyesis deficiente y anemia respectivamente, proporciones levemente superiores a las encontradas en niñas rurales. Los escolares de colegios del programa de las 900 escuelas no presentan deficiencia en la nutrición de hierro