Complexos triazenidos de platina (II): Avaliação in vitro da atividade antibacteriana e citotóxica frente a bactérias e células de medula óssea de pacientes leucêmicos de um hospital escola / Triazenidos complexes of platinum (II): In vitro evaluation of antibacterial and cytotoxic activity against bacteria and bone marrow cells from leukemic patients in a university hospital

Atualmente, apesar da ampla gama de substâncias ativas existentes, progressivamente tem se limitado o arsenal terapêutico disponível na prática clínica, isto se deve, especialmente, pelo surgimento da resistência aos agentes terapêuticos utilizados no tratamento de tumores e infecções bacterianas. Em virtude das diversas propriedades farmacológicas demonstradas pelos triazenos (TZCs), avaliaram-se compostos inéditos na busca de novos agentes biologicamente ativos, estes foram denominados C1 e C2. A atividade antibacteriana foi realizada pelo método convencional da microdiluição em caldo, através da técnica da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), frente a cepas bacterianas de referência American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) e isolados clínicos com resistência múltipla as drogas (RMD). A citotoxicidade foi analisada através do ensaio colorimétrico baseado na redução do brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5?difeniltetrazólio frente a células da medula óssea de dois pacientes (P1 e P2) atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria. Os dois compostos testados apresentaram atividade antibacteriana em 26,08% (6/23) das cepas testadas, sendo ativos em 38,46% (5/13) das cepas ATCC e 10% (1/10) dos isolados clínicos RMD, apenas em espécies caracterizadas como Gram positivas. Os resultados foram satisfatórios para ambos os compostos frente à amostra P2, células mononucleares de Leucemia Mielóide Crônica, pois demonstraram indução da morte celular. Pode-se concluir que os resultados obtidos desses compostos demonstraram a existência de atividade antibacteriana, bem como, atividade antileucêmica promissora. Pesquisas complementares relacionadas a esses compostos estão em andamento.(AU)

Currently, despite the wide range of existing active substances has been progressively limited therapeutic arsenal available in clinical practice, this is, in particular, the emergence of resistance to therapeutic agents used in treating tumors and bacterial infections. Because of the diverse pharmacological properties demonstrated by triazenes (TZCs) - evaluated whether unpublished compounds in the search for new biologically active agents, they were called C1 and C2. The antibacterial activity was performed by the conventional method of broth microdilution, using the technique of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against the bacterial strains reference American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and clinical isolates with multiple drug resistance (MDR). Cytotoxicity was analyzed by colorimetric assay based on the reduction of the bromide of 3 - (4,5- dimethylthiazol-2- yl) -2,5- diphenyltetrazolium against bone marrow cells from two patients (P1 and P2) seen at the Hospital university of Santa Maria. The two compounds tested showed antibacterial activity in 26.08% (6/23) of the strains, being active in 38.46 % (5/13) of the ATCC strains and 10 % (1/10) of clinical isolates MDR only characterized in species such as Gram positive. The results were satisfactory for both the sample compounds front P2, mononuclear cells from chronic myeloid leukemia, as demonstrated induction of cell death. It can be concluded that the results demonstrated the existence of these compounds to antibacterial activity, as well as promising antileukemic activity. Additional research related to these compounds are in progress.(AU)

Avaliação do Desempenho de Culturas Convencionais na Detecção da Contaminação Bacteriana em Concentrados Plaquetários em um Hospital Universitário do Sul do Brasil / Assessment of performance of conventional culture in the detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates in a University Hospital in southern Brazil

Blood transfusion is an indispensable aid to the treatmentof cancer patients. On the other hand, it involves a seriousrisk of bacterial sepsis. Platelet concentrates (PCs) arethe blood components with the highest incidence ofbacterial contamination, being responsible for mostof the septic reactions to transfusion. In this study, weassessed various conventional culture methods for thedetection of bacterial contamination in PCs. In all, 691samples of PCs (665 random donor platelets and 26apheresis platelets) from the Blood Center of the Stateof Rio Grande do Sul (HEMORGS), were analyzed. Weemployed qualitative, quantitative and daily growthculture techniques, which revealed that 2.32% of thesamples analyzed, all from random donor platelets, werecontaminated. The qualitative methodology performedbest. This result obliges us to reinforce the importanceof performing pre-transfusion bacteriological screeningon all samples of PCs, to reduce the risk of sepsis.

As transfusões sanguíneas retratam um suporte indispensável no tratamento de pacientes com câncer. Por outro lado, representam um sério risco de sepse bacteriana. Os concentrados plaquetários (CPs) são os hemocomponentes com a mais alta frequência de contaminação bacteriana, responsáveis pela maioria das reações sépticas transfusionais. Este estudo objetivou avaliar diferentes metodologias convencionais de cultura na detecção da contaminação bacteriana em CPs. Um total de 691 amostras de CPs (665 plaquetas randômicas e 26 plaquetaféreses), provenientes do Hemocentro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (HEMORGS), foi analisado. Foram empregadas técnicas de cultura qualitativa, quantitativa e de crescimento diário, com as quais evidenciamos 2,32% de contaminação bacteriana nas amostras analisadas, sendo todas provenientes de coleta pelo método randômico. A metodologia qualitativa apresentou o melhor desempenho. Esse fato nos permite reforçar a importância da realização de triagem bacteriológica pré-transfusional em todas as amostras de CPs para a redução dos riscos de sepse.

Sand Fly Fauna (Diptera, Pcychodidae, Phlebotominae) in DifferentLeishmaniasis- Endemic Areas of Ecuador, Surveyed by Using a Newly Named Mini-Shannon Trap

To study the sand fly fauna, surveys were performed atfour different leishmaniasis-endemic areas of Ecuador, during February 2013 andApril 2014. The conventional Shannon trap was modified and simplified to anewly named mini-Shannon trap for its multiple uses at different study sites,such as limited, forested and narrow spaces. The mini-Shannon, CDC light trapsand the protected human landing method were employed for sand fly collection.The species identification of sand flies was performed mainly based on themorphology of spermathecae and cibarium, after dissection of freshsamples.  In this study, therefore, onlyfemale samples were used for analysis. A total of1,480 female sand flies belonging to 25<i> Lutzomyia</i> species were collected. Numbers of the female sand fliescollected by each trap were 417 (28.2%) by the mini-Shannon trap, 259 (17.5%)by CDC light trap and 804 (54.3%) by human landing. The total number of sand flies per trap collected bydifferent methods was markedly affected by study sites, probably because ofdifferent species compositions at each locality. Further, as an additionalstudy, the attractiveness of sand flies against the mini-Shannon traps poweredwith LED White-light and LED Black-light, waspreliminary tested, together with CDC light trap and human landing. In the test,a total of 426 sand flies of nine <i>Lutzomyia</i> species, seven man-biting and two non-man-biting species, were collected by threecapture trials during May and June 2014 in an area endemic for leishmaniasis(La Ventura). The Black-light equipped trap was relatively superior in capturenumbers to the White-light equipped one, but no significant difference wasobserved statistically between the two traps.

Sand Fly Fauna (Diptera, Pcychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Different Leishmaniasis-Endemic Areas of Ecuador, Surveyed Using a Newly Named Mini-Shannon Trap

To study the sand fly fauna, surveys were performed at four different leishmaniasis-endemic sites in Ecuador from February 2013 to April 2014. A modified and simplified version of the conventional Shannon trap was named “mini-Shannon trap” and put to multiple uses at the different study sites in limited, forested and narrow spaces. The mini-Shannon, CDC light trap and protected human landing method were employed for sand fly collection. The species identification of sand flies was performed mainly based on the morphology of spermathecae and cibarium, after dissection of fresh samples. In this study, therefore, only female samples were used for analysis. A total of 1,480 female sand flies belonging to 25 <i>Lutzomyia</i> species were collected. The number of female sand flies collected was 417 (28.2%) using the mini-Shannon trap, 259 (17.5%) using the CDC light trap and 804 (54.3%) by human landing. The total number of sand flies per trap collected by the different methods was markedly affected by the study site, probably because of the various composition of species at each locality. Furthermore, as an additional study, the attraction of sand flies to mini-Shannon traps powered with LED white-light and LED black-light was investigated preliminarily, together with the CDC light trap and human landing. As a result, a total of 426 sand flies of nine <i>Lutzomyia</i> species, including seven man-biting and two non-biting species, were collected during three capture trials in May and June 2014 in an area endemic for leishmaniasis (La Ventura). The black-light proved relatively superior to the white-light with regard to capture numbers, but no significant statistical difference was observed between the two traps.

Flora bacteriana en probables úlceras leishmaniásicas de pacientes de un foco endémico de la costa del Pacífico del Ecuador

Se hizo un estudio para detectar infección bacterinana en lesiones leishmaniásicas sospechosas de individuos habitantes de la floresta tropical densa y húmeda de 2 áreas endémicas en la costa del Pacífico del Ecuador. De los 82 pacientes examinados, 80 (97.6 por ciento) fueron positivos para infecciones bacterianas. Las bacterias más frecuentes fueron el estafilococo, Staphylococus aureus y S. epidermis, micrococos y bacilos Gram positivos. La importancia de tal estudio de las áreas endémicas del Nuevo Mundo fue discutida brevemente.

Evaluacion del estado nutricional en ninos uremicos. / Evaluation of nutritional status in uremic children

Veinte ninos con diagnostico de insuficiencia renal cronica (IRC) fueron evaluados en su estado nutricional. En cada uno de los pacientes se efectuo una valoracion antropometrica incluyendo peso, talla, pliegue subcutaneo del triceps, circunferencia del brazo; se determinaron los niveles sericos de albumina, hemoglobina y linfocitos; se investigo la hipersensibilidad cutanea retardada; se valoro la aparicion neta de urea (ANU) y se testifico el cumplimiento de la dieta indicada. Aunque el grupo estudiado fue heterogeneo en cuanto a la edad y causa de insuficiencia renal se obtuvieron resultados consistentes: el crecimiento en talla estaba poco afectado; en cambio se encontro mayor afectacion en el peso, masa muscular y tejido adiposo en relacion directa con el grado de insuficiencia renal.La mayoria de los pacientes presentaron anemia y defecto en la inmunidad celular alteraciones atribuibles a la misma uremia. No se encontro correlacion entre el grado de IRC y la albuminemia. Los valores de ANU indicaron balances nitrogenados estables demostrando la correcta medicacion dietetica y su cumplimiento a pesar de lo cual no fue posible prevenir la desnutricion

Tratamiento quirurgico del megaesofago mediante la operacion de Heller. / Surgical treatment of megaesophagus by means of Heller's operation

Se presenta una serie de 50 casos de megaesofago funcional o acalasia tratados mediante la operacion de Heller, haciendose consideraciones con respecto al criterio intervencionista y de orden tecnico operatorio. Se concluye que por ausencia de mortalidad, de complicaciones significativas y/o secuelas, y por los resultados muy buenos y buenos en el 86% de los casos, el tratamiento quirurgico merece indicarse como recurso terapeutico primario

Limpieza colonica pre-operatoria empleando solucion de manitol. / Preoperative colonic cleaning using a solution of manitol

El analisis de la experiencia presentada permite concluir que la limpieza fecal del intestino que se obtiene empleando como unico recurso el efecto drastico de solucion de manitol por via oral 22 hs. antes de la operacion, es un elemento simple y efectivo