[Factors influencing cesarean delivery method in Shiraz hospitals]

Cesarean has been defined as surgical delivery in which the infant, placenta and membranes draw out through incision made on the mother's abdomen and uterus. Al present, 50-65 percent of deliveries in Iran are achieved by cesarean method. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing termination of pregnancy with cesarean method. In this cross-sectional study, 420 mothers, referred to Shiraz governmental and private hospitals for delivery were selected. Data collection was performed by structured questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software. The prevalence of cesarean was 89% and 63.28% in private and governmental hospitals, respectively, with the overall prevalence of 66.4%. Age, height, BMI, socioeconomic status, null parity, acceptance in private hospitals, cesarean history, induction of labor macrosomia, shoulder dystocia and breach presentation was significantly related to cesarean section [P<0.05]. In final model, cesarean history, age after 35 and education level were the most important factor for cesarean method of delivery. Although cesarean has been identified as a savior practice of mothers and neonates in emergency situation, its prevalence is increasing, because of physicians' tendency for economical benefits, and also, of mothers' fear from labor pain. So, mothers, especially nulliparous mothers should be persuaded for having vaginal delivery, in order to avoid cesarean complications in sequential deliveries

Long-term effect of exposure to mustard gas on male infertility

Sulfur mustard is a noxious chemical and a carcinogen that causes acute and chronic injuries with both local and systemic effects. This study was conducted to investigate the long-term effect of sulfur mustard [mustard gas] on male infertility in couples, in whom the husbands were highly suspected of being exposed to mustard gas. A total of 91 couples, in whom men, highly suspicious of being exposed to mustard gas during the Iran-Iraq war, were fully examined by an urologist and a gynecologist, and urged to provide semen for three standard sperm analyses. Of 91 couples, 40 were infertile 10 years after given that the frequency is approximately 10-12% in normal population. In addition, thorough examination of the wives by a Gynecologist showed that of the foregoing 40 infertile couples, 8 [20%] of women suffered from infertility problems. The infertility of the remaining 32 [80%] was due to male factors as compared with 40-50% in the normal population. The results of the present research demonstrated that in the population under study, male factors had greater impact on infertility. The exposure of males to mustard gas played a distinct role in long term infertility