RESUMEN
Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the psychometric features of the Persian version of the Fatigue Impact Scale [FIS-P] tool when used in Iranian MS patients.
Methods: 140 MS patients and the equivalent number of healthy controls completed the following assessments: FIS-P, Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS], SF-36 questionnaire and the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE].
Results: A significant inverse correlation between FIS and the quality of life [SF-36 assessment tool], as well as a positive and significant correlation with the FSS were noted. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC] values for the inter-rater reliability for the physical, cognitive, and social sections and the whole questionnaire were 0.89, 0.86, 0.95 and 0.98, respectively. The FIS Persian version was shown to possess a high reliability [with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.953]. Likewise, the ICC values for the testretest reliability were 0.86, 0.87, 0.92 and 0.93 for the physical, cognitive, social subscales and the whole questionnaire, respectively. This suggested a high reliability for the FIS-P.
Discussion: With a proper validity and reliability, the Persian-version of FIS retains the capability for being used in the assessment of fatigue and evaluation of the treatment and rehabilitation effects on fatigue-related symptoms among Persian-speaking patients with MS
RESUMEN
Evaluation of healing effects of Echinacea extract in Arsenic induced dermal necrosis in rat is the objective of this study. In this experimental study 20 male Wistar rats were divided to 2 groups. Dermal necrosis was induced by subcutaneously arsenic injection [4mg/kg] for 10 days. In group 2, after arsenic receiving, Echinacea were injected intraperitoneally [400mg/kg]. After last day of injection, rats were euthanizes and pathologic samples were collected from dermal ulcers. Histopathologic results revealed necrosis of different dermal layers in arsenic group. There were inflammatory exudates instead of impaired structures. In group 2, there were granulation tissue with high cellularity and new vessels. According to this research findings arsenic can induce dermal necrosis which is a good animal model for dermatologic researches and also Echinacea has healing effects and can protect and limit the Arsenic effects