RESUMEN
Methods@#We included 62 patients who underwent combined LLIF surgery and PPS fixation for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal canal stenosis. We compared the patient demographics and the accuracy of fluoroscopy-guided PPS placement between two groups: patients who remained in the lateral decubitus position for the pedicle screw fixation (single-position surgery [SPS] group) and those who were turned to the prone position (dual-position surgery [DPS] group). @*Results@#There were 40 patients in the DPS group and 22 in the SPS group. Of the 292 PPSs, only 12 were misplaced. In other words, 280/292 screws (95.9%) were placed correctly in the pedicle’s cortical shell (grade 0). PPS insertion did not cause neurological, vascular, or visceral injuries in either group. The breach rates for the DPS and SPS groups were 4.1% (grade 1, 5 screws; grade 2, 3 screws; grade 3, 0 screw) and 4.1% (grade 1, 2 screws; grade 2, 2 screws; grade 3, 0 screw), respectively. Although there were no statistically significant differences, the downside PPS had more screw malpositioning than the upside PPS. @*Conclusions@#We found that PPS insertion with the patient in the decubitus position under fluoroscopic guidance might be as safe and reliable a technique as PPS insertion in the prone position, with a misplacement rate similar to that previously published.
RESUMEN
Educational Research was carried out in a joint national survey by questionnaire in a school for the visually impaired and a vocational school in joint research with Anma-Massage-Shiatsu and Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy, aiming at collecting fundamental materials that examine the way of the future of the therapy.<br>The collection rate for the questionnaire was 71.4% for schools for the visually impaired and 68.3% from the vocational schools (70.3% in total as of August 16, 2006).<br>When examining the survey results and paying attention to the common and different points between the schools for the visually impaired and the vocational schools, we reviewed the present conditions and subjects in the curriculum reform. We recognized the actual conditions and problems in today's curriculum reform in a comparison of both schools.<br>We would be pleased if this study became an opportunity to enter a new phase for “Anma-Massage-Shiatsu and acupuncture and moxibustion therapy education”, while respecting the situations of schools for the visually impaired and vocational schools.
RESUMEN
[Objective] The increasing number of acupuncture and moxibustion training schools as well as the diversity of new student and patient needs is changing the educational environment of practitioners of Amma massage, acupuncture, and moxibustion. This raises the question whether the present curriculum can meet the challenges presented by these changes. This study presents the findings of a questionnaire survey designed to elucidate basic data relevant to the creation of the ideal curriculum.<br>[Methods] A questionnaire was sent to a total of 111 schools nationwide, comprising 70 training schools for the visually impaired and 41 vocational schools affiliated with the Society of Oriental Medicine. The staff member responsible for curriculum organization in each school completed the questionnaire.<br>[Concluding remarks] The response rate was 70.3% (78/111 schools). The questionnaire survey revealed that one group of individuals was responsible for the curriculum. It was also made clear that education was advancing, not by a fundamental curriculum-based teaching system, but by individual teaching staff.<br>Ensuring future development in the education system for practitioners of Amma massage, acupuncture, and moxibustion will require introducing a core curriculum. Discussion is also necessary.