RESUMEN
A questionnaire has held on the students in two faculties, which is of pharmaceutical university and of agricultural junior college, and we obtained 882 answers. Our questions purposed to clarify the motivation to take nutritious supplements, such as : How they understand and management of their own health. ; How they understand their own nutritious conditions. ; How they think of, and taking supplemental foods including vitamins, minerals, or the others in their daily life. There are 159 answers (18.0% of total answers) taking these supplements from 882 valid answers in our questionnaire. Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon rank sum test between the supplement-users and the non-users showed that there would be triggers to take a supplement on the degree of self-conscious on their own health, of feeling tired, of their sleeping hours, of their satisfaction for nutrition by meals, though effect size is low. A question to ask the reason to start taking supplements revealed that is because of the supplement-users in their family also takes it.
RESUMEN
In order to elucidate muscle functional changes by acute reloading, contractile and fatigue properties of the rat soleus muscle were investigated at three weeks of hindlimb suspension and the following 1 hr, 5 hr, 1 d, and 2 weeks of reloading. Compared to age-matched controls, three weeks of unloading caused significant changes in myofibrillar alignments, muscle mass relative to body mass (-43%), normalized tension (-35%), shortening velocity (+143%), and response times. Further significant changes were not observed during early reloading, because the transitional reverse process was gradual rather than abrupt. Although most of the muscle properties returned to the control level after two weeks of reloading, full recovery of the tissue would require more than the two-week period. Delayed recovery due to factors such as myofibrillar arrangement and fatigue resistance was apparent, which should be considered for rehabilitation after a long-term spaceflight or bed-rest.