RESUMEN
Abstract Quantification of collagen degradation is an important parameter to evaluate dentin caries for preventive aid. Objectives: Evaluate preventive methods against root collagen degradation by the hydroxyproline assay (HYP) and microradiography technique (MRT). Methodology: Five bovine root dentin blocks were obtained and subjected to an artificial demineralization process by acetate buffer (pH 5) to induce carious lesion formation. Samples were subjected to the following therapeutic treatments: 1) 0.12% chlorhexidine for 1 min, 2) 2% fluoride for 1 min, 3) Nd:YAG Laser (400 μm diameter optical fiber, 10 Hz frequency, 60 mJ/pulse energy, 48 J/cm2 energy density, in noncontact mode for 10 s), 4) deionized water (control) for 1 min, 5) MRT control group (without treatment and removal of collagen). Samples were exposed to degradation by a collagenase enzyme for five days. The enzyme solution was collected, by colorimetry in a spectrophotometer, from the collagen matrix for the hydroxyproline release analysis. The same samples were subjected to an additional two days of demineralization to induce the progression of mineral loss. Samples were analyzed by MRT for the visualization of their degraded areas (estimation of lesion depth and mineral loss). ANOVA was applied to compare hydroxyproline release rates. MRT data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn's test. Comparisons between the initial five-day and the subsequent two-day demineralization processes were performed by repeated t-test or Wilcoxon (p<0.05) measurements. Results: The amount of HYP released from the dentin samples failed to show significant differences among the groups (p=0.09). Fluoride and chlorhexidine were able to interact with the samples, reducing the progression of dentin caries after removal of the demineralized organic matrix. CHX was the only treatment able to show significant lower lesion depth than the negative control. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine and fluoride were effective in reducing root caries progression.
RESUMEN
A Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) é um grupo de desordens músculoesqueléticas que pode afetar os músculos da mastigação e as articulações temporomandibulares. Alguns critérios de diagnóstico vêm sendo propostos como o questionário Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), avaliação clínica cuidadosa, que em algumas situações deve ser complementada com exames de imagem, incluindo radiografias convencionais, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética. Alternativamente, a termografia tem sido utilizada como um exame de imagem auxiliar no diagnóstico da DTM. Uma revisão sistemática das evideÌncias existentes, em relação à eficácia do exame de termografia no diagnóstico das DTMs, foi feita para esclarecer a seguinte pergunta clínica "Qual a eficácia do exame termográfico no diagnóstico das DTMs em comparação à avaliação clínica?". A pesquisa foi realizada no Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT) da Unesp, Brasil. Para isso foi traçada uma estratégia de busca nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, HTA DATABASE, Cochrane Library, Biblioteca Brasileira em Odontologia (BBO) e Web of Science. A busca foi registrada no PROSPERO - International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Os títulos e resumos foram lidos e 86 artigos foram selecionados. Os textos completos foram lidos e a extração de dados foi realizada. A busca nas bases de dados resultou em 427 artigos, removidas as duplicatas restaram 234 artigos, e pela seleção de títulos e resumos 86 artigos foram selecionados para acesso ao texto completo. Os textos foram lidos e os dados relevantesforam extraídos. A avaliação da qualidade dos estudos incluídos foi realizada através da ferramenta QUADAS (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) e os dados foram sintetizados de forma qualitativa, resultando em 11 artigos para extração de dados e avaliação de risco de viés. O exame de termografia pode ser considerado um exame auxiliar no diagnóstico das DTMs, porém mais estudos devem ser conduzidos.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of painful musculoskeletal conditions that affect the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), and/or other anatomic structures of the stomatognathic system. Standardized criteria for TMD diagnosis have been proposed (Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders [DC/TMD]), and rely on careful clinical examination that is aided, in some situations, by imaging studies, including conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Alternatively, thermography has been presented as an auxiliary diagnostic test for assessing internal derangements of the TMJs because it is useful for TMD evaluation as a clinical screening method that improves diagnostic accuracy. A Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies and a critical synthesis of available evidence of thermography value in the diagnosis of TMD, was done in order to answer the question: "How effective is the thermographic examination in diagnosing TMD compared to clinical evaluation?" The research was hold in the Science and Technology Institute (ICT) Unesp, Brazil. A search strategy was drawn up in the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, HTA DATABASE, Cochrane Library, Brazilian Dentistry Library and Web of Science. The search was registered in the PROSPERO - International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The titles and abstracts were read and 86 papers were selected. After full text analysis, the data extraction was performed. The online search identified a total of 427 papers, duplicate references were removed and 234 papers remained, and by selecting titles and abstracts 86 papers were selected for full text access. The QUADAS (Quality Assessment of DiagnosticAccuracy Studies) tool was used to assess the risk of bias, and the data were synthesized in a qualitative way. Resulting in 11 studies to extraction data and risk bias analysis. Although, the thermography can be considered an auxiliary diagnostic test, more studies must be conducted.