Frequency of hypertension among urban bus drivers

To determine the frequency of hypertension among urban bus drivers. To study the association of risk factors with hypertension among urban bus drivers. It was a descriptive cross sectional study. It was conducted at different bus halts of Karachi in the area of North Nazimabad, Safora Goth, Buffer Zone during the period of June 2011 to August 2011. A sample of 169 bus drivers were selected randomly and the data was collected by filling a questionnaire after taking a verbal consent. From our study, we found out that out of 169 drivers, 26[15.4%] were hypertensive

Predicting recurrence and progression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer using european organization of research and treatment of cancer risk tables

We determined the recurrence and progression at 1 year in patients with non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor [TURBT] and compared those with the calculated risk according to the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC]. Follow-up data of 92 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who underwent TURBT were reviewed, and their 1st year recurrence and progression were recorded. The risk of recurrence and progression were calculated for 1 year according to the EORTC scoring system, using tumors' stage, grade, size, and multiplicity, and the presence of carcinoma in situ and previous recurrence episodes. The outcomes were compared with the EORTC's predictive scores. The patients were 75 men and 17 women with an age range of 31 to 91 years. Sixteen patients [17.4%] had a recurrent disease, 41 [44.6%] had a tumor larger than 3 cm in diameter, 35 [38.0%] had multiple lesions, 2 [2.2%] had carcinoma in situ, 73 [79.3%] had stage T1 lesions, and 8 [8.7%] had a high-grade disease. Recurrence was found in 34 patients [37.0%]. The recurrence rates were 20.0%, 28.2%, 40.5%, and 83.3% in groups with the predicted EORTC risks of 15%, 24%, 38%, and 61%, respectively. There were 2 patients [2.2%] with progression of the diseases. A significant concordance was noted between the EORTC's predicted risk and the actuarial recurrence rate of stage Ta T1 bladder cancer at 1 year. Progression was less than that predicted, probably due to our small sample size

unique variant of intestinal tuberculosis

Duodenum is a rare site of involvement in intestinal tuberculosis. We report a 19 years old boy who presented with non-bilious vomiting and weight loss. His workup showed stricture in ascending colon, multiple liver abscesses with pneumobilia on CT scan. Upper GI endoscopy revealed stricture in 2[nd] part of duodenum distally. He was operated and duodenojejunostomy with limited right hemicolectomy [for stricture in this part of gut] were done. Biopsy report was suggestive of tuberculosis. Antituberculous treatment was started. He responded well and gained 20 kg weight at 3 months follow-up