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Introduction: Portal hypertension and its complications are theleading causes of death and liver transplantation, in patientswith cirrhosis. Portal hypertension causes hemodynamic andmucosal changes in the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Thesemucosal changes in upper and lower gastro intestinal tractresult in various hemorrhagic manifestations.Methodology: This study was conducted in RNT MedicalCollege and attached hospitals, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Theobjective of study was to find relationship betweencolonoscopic finding and upper GI endoscopy finding in portalhypertension patients. A total of 100 patients’ diagnosed casesof portal hypertension were included in study. A predesignedand pretested Performa were used for obtaining informationregarding socio-demographic variables and laboratoryinvestigations including upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopyat endoscopy laboratory.Result: In present study, 75% patient had esophageal varicesand 93% patient had portal hypertensive gastropathy. Rectalvarices, rectopathy and portal hypertensive colopathy werefound in 57% of cases,39% cases and 32% cases respectively.While hemorrhoids were found in 53% of cases. Among thepatients who had esophageal varices, rectal varices werepresent in 64%. In patients without esophageal varices, rectalvaries was present in 36%. Association was found statisticallysignificant (p = 0.01). There was no statistical significantassociation found between esophageal varices and othercolonic lesions like rectopathy, colopathy and haemorrhoids. Inpresent study there was no statistically significant associationbetween portal hypertensive gastropathy and portalhypertension related colonic lesions (PHC, rectal varices,rectopathy and hemorrhoids).Conclusion: Upper gastro intestinal lesions gastropathy andesophageal varices are more common finding than lowergastro intestinal lesions. Rectal varices are only significantlower gastro intestinal finding on colonoscopy among thepatients of portal hypertension who had esophageal varices onupper GI endoscopy.
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BACKGROUND: Ingestion of foreign bodies (FB) is commonly encountered in gastrointestinal practice. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data on endoscopic removal of FB in 170 patients (124 children) who were managed at a tertiary referral center over a six-year period. OUTCOME: Coins were the most common FB removed (n=134). Dentures (12), food boluses (19), sharp objects such as needles and pins (7), and certain unusual FB (12) made up the remainder. Esophagus was the most common site of FB lodgement (56%). Most patients with esophageal FB complained of FB sensation, dysphagia, odynophagia or chest pain. Gastric and duodenal FB produced no symptoms. FB could be successfully removed endoscopically in 166 patients (97.6%) without morbidity or mortality. Four patients required surgical removal of FB. Certain Innovative methods like loop basket, electrocautery and suction retrieval were used to remove some FB. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic removal of FB in the esophagus and stomach is safe but often requires the use of innovative techniques and accessories.