[Assessment of the relationship of the risk of subjective work load to musculoskeletal disorders in bank staff in Kurdistan province]

Subjective workload [SWL] is a general concept in ergonomics literature. SWL is defined as the costs to the operator's health to achieve a certain level of performance. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of SWL for musculoskeletal disorders in bank employees in Kurdistan Province. Material and Method: This analytical - descriptive study included 200 employees from the banks of Kurdistan Province. NASA-TLX software and general Nordic questionnaire were used for the assessment of subjective work load and the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by means of SPSS19. 78% of the subjects were male and 22% were female. The mean age and mean work background of the subjects were 36.28 and 14.2 years, respectively. On the whole, 48% of the staff had experienced pain at least once during the past year with highest frequency in the neck [48%], lower back [44%], and upper back [36%]. The NASA Index showed that the bank staffs have scored the effort scale and efficiency scale with respective mean values and SD of 72.8 +/- 25.3 and 36.0 +/- 22.6, as the maximum and minimum values among the various aspects of workload. Data analysis revealed that mean subjective workload had statistically significant relationships with matrimony, work background, and also with prevalence and experience of pain [P=0.0001]. The rate of subjective workload and musculoskeletal disorders in bank staff are high to the same degree and it seems that subjective workload scales not only add to the subjective workload but also act as a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders

Clinical education problems and ways of enhancing its quality from the perspective of clinical instructors and students of nursing and midwifery at sabzevar university medical sciences in 2008

Background and purpose: one of the main mission of the university is trainivy theprofessional manpower for the society. They must make efforts to reach this goal by identifying the problems, compiling and implementing plans and finally modifying them. Nursing and midwifery are applied professions dealing with human life and clinical education makes the core of these jobs. The present study is intended to investigate the problems of clinical education from the views of clinical instructors and ways of enhancing its quality

Methods and materials: this descriptive study involved senior students of nursing and midwifery [n=116] and instructors [n=13]

Data were collected by a questionnaire including three Sections: personal information, clinical problems and solutions.The data were analyzed in spss using descriptive statistics

Results: the sample comprised of 75 nursing students [64.7%] and the rest were students of midwifery. Also, 19.8% [n=23] were male and the rest female, with the mean age of 22.19 +/- 0.98. Instructors, mean age was 38.53 +/- 7.61, and 53.8% [n=7] were male.The most important causes of demotivation for instructors were fatigue due to high education load [36.2% students and 84.6% instructors]. The most important problems against teaching skills were facilities and circumstances, less or no cooperation by the staff, students overload in wards and the noneducational status of the hospitals

Conclusion: turning hospitals into educational, oriention of deputies of education and treatment in the university to provide facilies, reducing the number of students in rounds can be considered as solutions