Relationship between using cell phone and the risk of accident with motor vehicles: An analytical cross-sectional study / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Traffic accidents are one of the major health problems in the world, being the first cause of burden of illness and the second leading cause of death in Iran. The Sistan-Baluchestan province is one of the most accidental provinces of Iran with the highest rate of accidents-caused deaths. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors associated with traffic accidents in Zahedan through 2013 to 2016.@*METHODS@#This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 223 drivers from Zahedan who were traumatized by traffic accident and sent to Zahedan hospitals. The data were obtained through interviews taken by the trained interviewers via refereeing to the medical records and collected in the researcher-made checklist. Census was obtained from the study subjects. For data analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square and logistic regression were used with the Stata software version 11.0.@*RESULTS@#In this study, 223 male subjects with the mean age of (32.54 ± 12.95) years, 39.8% single and 60.2% married, entered for investigation. Most accidents (38.8%) occurred between 12:00 to 17:59. While driving, 47.1% of the study subjects were using cell phones, 89.1% had manual use of mobile phones, 21.9% had a habit of sending short message service (SMS) and 23.4% had sent SMS within 10 min before the accident. The one way analysis of variance showed that the mean age of individuals with marital status, driving experience, education and accident with motorcycle were significantly different (p < 0.05). Also, the multivariate logistic regression test indicated a significant relationship of smoking, ethnicity, insurance and SMS typing while driving with motorcycle accident (p < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In this study, SMS and smoking while driving had the highest risk among the variables studied in the motorcycle accidents. Therefore, effective education attempting to enhance people's awareness about the consequences of using cell phone and smoking during driving to reduce traffic accidents seems necessary.

results of photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin-C in myopia correction after five years

Objective: To evaluate the results of photorefractive keratectomy [PRK] with mitomycin C in myopia correction after five years

Methods: This is a cross sectional study which included 145 eyes of 74 patients in 18 to 51 years age group that were undergoing Photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin C using Allegretto Wave Eye-Q 400-Hz excimer laser platform in Markazi Eye Center, Tehran, Iran. All the surgical procedures were performed by the same surgeon. After five years follow-up evaluation including BCVA, UCVA, Refractive error measurement and external eye examination was performed

Results: The mean diopter of spherical equivalent before surgery was -3.40 +/- 1.73. The following findings were obtained after 5 years follow up visit: The mean spherical equivalent value: -0.08 +/- 0.40, the mean Log MARUCVA: 0.02 +/- 0.07, the mean Log MAR BCVA: 0.00 +/- 0.04

Conclusion: PRK is an effective, safe and predictable method used to correct myopia. The wave frontoptimized algorithm of the Allegretto Wave Eye-Q 400-Hz excimer laser platform demonstrated good refractive and visual results. Presence of variables such as gender, age and astigmatism before operation have no significant impact on the result of this operation

[Validity and reliability of the Persian version of measurement of the quality of life of people with disabilities]

Improving disabled quality of life is considered as one of the goals of rehabilitation and maintaining and ameliorating quality of life has become an important aim of medical systems. This study aims at investigating psychometric properties of measurement of the quality of life of people with disabilities, which is developed by World Health Organization [WHO]. The questionnaire was translated based on the International Quality of Life Assessment Project [IQOLA]. 160 individuals over 18 years old with disability in Tehran [age average=50] performed in this study. Socio-demographic inventory, SF12 inventory, and finally WHOQOL-D were given to participants respectively. Validity, concurrent validity with quality of life questionnaire [short form 12] by using correlation coefficients pearson, face validity, content validity and discriminant validity with spearman correlation coefficients of internal consistency and stability by calculating Cronbach's alpha and determining the intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] was assessed. Version 19 SPSS was used to perform statistical tests. Face and content validity of the questionnaire, simplicity, and clarity were approved phrases. Over 90% of scores with a correlation of each question with the scores of related subtest was significant and positive. These results indicate an appropriate discriminative validity of the test items. Estimating Cronbach's alpha [0.90] confirms high internal consistency of the inventory with the exception of social communication area [0.61]. The results of evaluating reliability using within subject correlation coefficient estimation show that there is a high correlation coefficient between different subtests of the inventory. Results indicate reliability and validity of Persian-version of mentioned inventory. Therefore, its utilization in research studies is highly recommended

Prevalence of preventable causes of low vision in different ages and genders

Much of the vision loss from age-related eye disease can be prevented. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of preventable causes of low vision. In this study, files of 204 patients were evaluated. Low vision was defined as best-corrected visual acuity in the better eye between 20/70 to 20/200. Diagnosis of anterior and posterior segment disease was based on the eye examination that performed with Topcon slit-lamp biomicroscope and direct and indirect ophthalmoscope examination. The prevalence of preventable causes of low was respectively: diabetic retinopathy, in 33 patients [16.18%], glaucoma in 6 patients [2.94%], and amblyopia in 2 patients [1%]. The majority of cases have treatable and/or preventable causes; reduction of low vision or blindness can be achieved by appropriate screening strategies