Comparative study of lipid profiel on healthy smoker and non smokers.

Background: Smoking is considered to cause heart disease, cancer, stroke and also have close relationship with gastric ulcer, periodontal disease, sudden infant death syndrome, and metabolic syndrome. Aims & Objective: (1) Study the effect of smoking on lipid profile of healthy smokers (2) To compare the lipid profile of both smokers and non-smokers (3)To study the effect of severity and duration of smoking on lipid profile. Material and Methods: The present study “Comparative study of lipid profile on healthy smoker and non-smokers” was carried out at Department of Physiology, Govt. Medical college, Bhavnagar on 100 healthy smokers and non-smokers. Results: The total serum cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and Triglyceride values were higher in smokers as compared to Non-smokers. These values increased with increase in number of Cigarette/bidis smoked. Serum levels of HDL are lower in smokers than the same in non-smokers. Serum HDL levels decrease with increase in number of Cigarette/bidis smoked. Association of HDL had inverse relationship with cigarettes/bidis smoked per day. Increase in duration of smoking adversely affects lipid profile. Bidi smoking has more adverse effects HDL than cigarette smoking although statistically significant results were not obtained. It shows that serum anti-atherogenic HDL-C level is significantly low in chronic smokers irrespective of the number of cigarettes smoked. The serum level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and VLDL-C and TG are significantly increased with the severity of smoking. The results shows that smoking influences the lipid profile adversely hence causing dyslipidaemia in smokers. Smoking results in increase in oxidized LDL-cholesterol level which plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis, and also raising the cardiovascular disease risk. Conclusion: Tobacco smoking is associated with dyslipidaemia (Increase LDL-C and decrease HDL-C levels), which is atherogenic in nature. As tobacco smoking interacts with other risk factors, the tobacco smokers get additional benefit if these factors are diagnosed and managed adequately. These risk profiles may be helpful in developing preventive cardiovascular strategies for adolescents.

A comparative study of visual reaction time in basketball players and healthy controls.

Introduction:-Reaction is purposeful voluntary response to different stimuli as visual or auditory stimuli. The present study was conducted to measure visual reaction time in 100 subjects, 50 basketball players and 50 healthy controls. Material & Method: - The visual reaction time was measured by the reaction time instrument in healthy controls and basketball players. Simple reaction time and choice reaction time measured. During the reaction time testing, visual stimuli were given for three times and minimum reaction time was taken as the final reaction time for that sensory modality of that subject. The results were statastically analyzed and were recorded as mean+ standard deviation and student’s unpaired t-test was applied to check the level of significance. Result:- The study shows that basketball players shows faster reaction time than healthy controls. Conclusion: - As reaction time gives the information how fast a person gives a response to sensory stimuli, it is a good indicator of performance in reactive sports like basketball.