Efficiency in bracket bonding with the use of pretreatment methods to tooth enamel before acid etching: sodium hypochlorite vs. hydrogen peroxide techniques

Bond failures are produced by the existence of biofilm on the tooth surface. Because biofilm is impermeable, it prevents contact in many areas, reducing the etching effect which selectively dissolves calcified tissues but does not seem to eliminate biofilm from the tooth surface, and thus the bond between the tooth and the bracket is not strong enough. The aim of this study is to compare bracket bonding efficiency with two dental surface pretreatments: sodium hypochlorite vs. hydrogen peroxide techniques. This was a cross-sectional, comparative, in vitro study. Seventy-five premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were evaluated. They were divided into three groups of 25 teeth and assigned randomly toone of the pretreatment techniques (5.25%sodium hypochlorite or 3.5% hydrogen peroxide) or to a control group. The most efficient pretreatment technique for bonding to brackets was sodium hypochlorite, with an average of 17.15 (kg/F). Significant differences were observed between groups (p=0.0001). The post hoc bond strength test showed statistically significant differences between the sodium hypochlorite technique and the control group (p=0.0001). The sodium hypochlorite technique improves bracket adhesion to tooth enamel.

Las fallas de adhesion se producen por la existencia de la biopelicula en la superficie del organo dental, ya que es impermeable y no permite el contacto en muchas areas, de manera que disminuye el efecto del grabado acido; el cual tiene la capacidad de disolver selectivamente los tejidos calcificados, pero no parece eliminar la biopelicula en la superficie dental, por lo tanto, no se lleva a cabo la suficiente fuerza de adhesion en la interfase diente-bracket. El objetivo es comparar la eficiencia en la adhesion de los brackets con el empleo de dos metodos de pre-tratamientos de la superficie del esmalte, el hipoclorito de sodio vs. peroxido de hidrogeno. Estudio comparativo, transversal, in vitro. Se evaluaron 75 premolares extraidos con fines ortodoncicos, tres grupos de 25 dientes, asignados aleatoriamente con alguna de las dos tecnicas de pre-tratamiento al esmalte, hipoclorito de sodio al 5.25%, peroxido de hidrogeno al 3.5% y un grupo control. La tecnica de pre-tratamiento al esmalte mas eficiente para la fuerza de adhesion a los brackets fue el hipoclorito de sodio, con una media de 17.15 (Kg/F), se observaron diferencias significativas inter-grupos (p= 0.001). Las pruebas post hoc para las fuerzas de adhesion mostraron diferencia estadistica - mente significativa para la tecnica de hipoclorito de sodio/ grupo control (p=.001). La utilizacion de hipoclorito de sodio ayuda a mejorar la adhesion de los brackets en la superficie del esmalte.

The impact of glucocorticoids and anti-cd20 therapy on cervical human papillomavirus infection risk in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with cervical human papillomavirus infection in women with systemic lupus erythematosus METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected traditional and systemic lupus erythematosus-related disease risk factors, including conventional and biologic therapies. A gynecological evaluation and cervical cytology screen were performed. Human papillomavirus detection and genotyping were undertaken by PCR and linear array assay. RESULTS: A total of 148 patients were included, with a mean age and disease duration of 42.5±11.8 years and 9.7±5.3 years, respectively. The prevalence of squamous intraepithelial lesions was 6.8%. The prevalence of human papillomavirus infection was 29%, with human papillomavirus subtype 59 being the most frequent. Patients with human papillomavirus were younger than those without the infection (38.2±11.2 vs. 44.2±11.5 years, respectively; p = 0.05), and patients with the virus had higher daily prednisone doses (12.8±6.8 vs. 9.7±6.7 mg, respectively; p = 0.01) and cumulative glucocorticoid doses (14.2±9.8 vs. 9.7±7.3 g, respectively; p = 0.005) compared with patients without. Patients with human papillomavirus infection more frequently received rituximab than those without (20.9% vs. 8.5%, respectively; p = 0.03). In the multivariate analysis, only the cumulative glucocorticoid dose was associated with human papillomavirus infection. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative glucocorticoid dose may increase the risk of human papillomavirus infection. Although rituximab administration was more frequent in patients with human papillomavirus infection, no association was found. Screening for human papillomavirus infection is recommended in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. .