Clinical Analysis of Sangxing Zhike Prescription for the Treatment of Postinfectious Cough of Warm Dryness Invading the Lung Type / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Sangxing Zhike Prescription in treating postinfectious cough(PIC)of warm dryness invading the lung type.Methods A total of 66 PIC patients with warm dryness invading the lung type who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to June 2022 were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 33 patients in each group.The treatment group was given Sangxing Zhike Prescription combined with Compound Methoxyphenamine Capsules,and the control group was given Compound Methoxyphenamine Capsules combined with Chinese medicine placebo.The course of treatment covered 7 days.The changes in the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores of the severity of cough,the scores of cough symptom,and the scores of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome in the two groups were observed before and after the treatment.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety in the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)During the trial,one case fell off from the treatment group and 4 cases fell off from the control group,and eventually 61 cases completed the observation,of which 32 cases were in the treatment group and 29 cases were in the control group.(2)After 7 days of treatment,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 84.38%(27/32)and that of the control group was 58.62%(17/29),and the intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the VAS scores of the severity of cough,and the scores of daytime cough,nighttime cough of the Cough Symptom Score Scale as well as the overall cough scores in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the reduction of the VAS scores and the overall cough symptom scores in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,obvious improvement was presented in the scores of TCM symptoms of cough,throat itching,dry throat,foreign body sensation in the throat,sore throat and pharyngeal signs as well as total TCM syndrome scores in the treatment group when compared with the pre-treatment period(P＜0.01),whereas in the control group,only the scores of cough,throat itching,dry throat,and sore throat and the total TCM syndrome scores were improved compared with the pre-treatment period(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The post-treatment intergroup comparison showed that the treatment group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the scores of throat itching,foreign body sensation in the throat,and pharyngeal signs as well as total TCM syndrome scores(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(5)During the treatment process,no significant adverse reactions occurred in both groups,or no abnormal changes were shown in the safety indexes such as blood routine test,liver and kidney functions of the patients.Conclusion Sangxing Zhike Prescription combined with Compound Methoxyphenamine Capsules exerts certain effect in treating patients with PIC of warm dryness invading the lung type,and its efficacy is significantly superior to that of Compound Methoxyphenamine Capsules treatment alone with relatively high safety profile.

Effects of PRELID1 expression on malignant biological behaviors of gastric cancer based on JAK/STAT signaling pathway / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the expression of pro-tein of relevant evolutionary and lymphoid interest domain-con-taining 1(PRELID1)in gastric cancer tissues and to analyze its effect on prognosis,and the mechanism of influencing the prolif-eration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells.Methods Using TCGA data and clinical data of 111 patients with gastric cancer,we analyzed the relationship between the expression of PRELID1 and clinicopathological parameters and the impact on clinical prognosis.The biological function of PRELID1 was pre-dicted by bioinformatics,and further verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments.Lentivirus was applied to regulate the level of PRELID 1 in gastric cancer cell line(MGC803)in vitro,and its effect on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of gastric cancer cells was observed.The nude mouse subcutaneous tumor-igenesis was used to observe the effect of PRELID1 on the growth of gastric cancer tissue in vivo.Results The expression of PRELID1 was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than that in the adjacent tissues(P＜0.001)and was positively cor-related with the cell proliferation indicator Ki67(P＜0.001).Cox regression model analysis showed that the high expression of PRELID 1 was an independent risk factor affecting the 5-year survival rate after radical gastrectomy(HR=2.336;95％CI=1.354-4.029).Gene enrichment results showed that the func-tion of PRELID1 was related to proliferation and JAK/STAT sig-naling.CCK-8 and Transwell experiments found that up-regula-tion of PRELID1 promoted the proliferation(P=0.016),mi-gration(P=0.016)and invasion(P=0.025)of gastric cancer cells,while down-regulation inhibited the proliferation(P=0.026),migration(P=0.048)and invasion(P=0.029).Subcutaneous tumor formation experiments in nude mice found that up-regulation of PRELID1 promoted the growth of gastric cancer tissue(P=0.047),while down-regulation was the oppo-site(P=0.005).Western blot detecting gastric cancer cells and gastric cancer tissues found that up-regulation of PRELID1 promoted the expression of JAK and STAT proteins(all P＜0.05),while down-regulation inhibited them(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The high expression of PRELID1 associated with poor prognosis may regulate the proliferation,migration and in-vasion of gastric cancer cells by up-regulating JAK/STAT signa-ling in gastric cancer.

Comparison of a single palmar lateral transverse approach versus the modified Henry approach in locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy between a single palmar lateral transverse approach and the modified Henry approach in the locking plate fixation for distal radius fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 82 patients with distal radius fracture who had undergone locking plate fixation through either a single palmar lateral approach or the modified Henry approach between January 2016 and December 2022 at Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Taihe Hospital, Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine. There were 25 males and 57 females, with an age of (53.8±12.7) years. Based on the difference in surgical approach, the patients were divided into a single transverse approach group ( n=42) and a modified Henry approach group ( n=40). The 2 groups were compared in terms of injury cause, injury location, time from injury to surgery, AO fracture classification, tourniquet time during surgery, incision length, fracture reduction, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS & OSAS) and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score at the last follow-up, and complications after surgery. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (8.2±3.5) months. Follow-ups revealed one case of injury to the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve but no other complications like infection, non-union, internal fixation failure, or tendon injury in the single transverse approach group. The single transverse approach group was significantly superior over the modified Henry approach group in incision length [(2.4±0.9) cm versus (5.3±1.6) cm], OSAS (8.1±4.2 versus 10.3±5.7), and PSAS (10.1±5.8 versus 14.7±6.4) ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in tourniquet time, fracture reduction quality, and DASH score at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In locking plate fixation for distal radius fractures, in comparison with the modified Henry approach, a single palmar lateral approach is more minimally invasive so that more aesthetically pleasing outcomes can be achieved to facilitate patients' rapid return to work and society.

Analysis of goitrogenic effect of goitrogen in food / 中华地方病学杂志

Goiter is a kind of non-inflammatory and non-neoplastic hyperplasia and enlargement. Many studies have shown that substances such as thiocyanates and isothiocyanates can prevent the development of a variety of tumors. However, some studies have also found that such substances can lead to goiter. In this article, relevant information on common goitrogen in food are collected to explore their mechanism of action, laying a foundation for guiding residents to maintain a healthy and balanced diet.

Clinical and pathological characteristics of immune-mediated liver injury caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors / 中华内科杂志

Objective: Cancer immunotherapy can lead to various side effects, termed immune-related adverse events (irAE). This study summarized and analyzed the clinical and pathological characteristics of immune-mediated liver injury caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ILICI). Methods: This is a retrospective case series study involving 11 patients diagnosed with ILICI at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2019 to November 2021. Patient demographic information and clinical data, including gender, age, ILICI onset, clinical and radiological manifestations, pathological features, treatment, and resumption of ICI were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: The patients were primarily males (9/11) with a median age of 65 (range: 32-73) years. ICI mainly resulted in either partial remission (4/11) or stable disease (3/11). ILICI occurred after a median of two cycles of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) therapy, with a median time from the initial and last anti-PD-1 therapy to ILICI onset of 57 days and 17 days, respectively. ILICI was mostly severe (3/11) or very severe (6/11). While the clinical and radiological manifestations were non-specific, the pathological features were active lobular hepatitis and portal inflammation, with prominent CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration. The basic treatment was hepatoprotective drugs (10/11). Glucocorticoids were used as the primary therapy (9/11) but were ineffective in 4 of 9 cases. Of these, 3 of 9 cases received combined treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), only one of whom achieved remission. By the end of the study, 2 of 11 cases had resumed ICI and neither had experienced an ILICI relapse. Conclusion: The ILICI patients in this study had a corresponding history of ICI treatment and pathological features. The main treatment included hepatoprotective drugs and glucocorticoids. Immunosuppressive drugs were added for some cases but had poor efficacy.

Relationship between Dining Place, Iodine Source, and Iodine Nutrition in School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.@*METHODS@#School-aged children (SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multi-stage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume (TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the 2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables.@*RESULTS@#Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places. The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively (r = 0.999 and -0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL (r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children's iodine nutrition status.@*CONCLUSION@#Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.

Effects of early enteral nutrition on postoperative rehabilitation and inflammation after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:To investigate the effect of early postoperative enteral nutrition(EN)on postoperative rehabilitation and inflammation after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer,in order to provide reference for postoperative rehabilitation of such patients.Methods:Patients who received laparoscopic assisted radical gastrectomy in Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2020 to December 2022 were included in the analysis.According to the different ways of postoperative nutritional treatment,patients were divided into the observation group(early postoperative EN group)and the control group(parenteral nutrition group),and indexes such as postoperative rehabilitation,abdominal drainage flow and the level of inflammatory mediators in drainage fluid were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 81 patients were included,including 41 in the observation group and 40 in the control group.Interval of the first postoperative exhaust(t=3.806;P＜0.001)and resuming diet day(t=5.510;P＜0.001),and length of postoperative hospital stay(t=2.401;P=0.019)in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group.Levels of peripheral blood albumin(t=14.040;P＜0.001)and prealbumin(t=9.832;P＜0.001)of the observation group at postoperative day(POD)5 were significantly higher than those of the control group,but there was no significant difference in hemoglobin level(t=1.477;P=0.144).The level of CRP in peripheral blood of the observation group at POD 5(t=7.758;P＜0.001)and the incidence of postoperative SIRS[(12.2％,5/41)vs(32.5％,13/40),x2=4.830;P=0.028)]were significantly lower than those in the control group.The average drainage volume(t=6.858;P＜0.001),drainage removal time(t=5.016;P＜0.001),and TNF-α level(t=4.993;P＜0.001)and IL-6 level(t=20.640;P＜0.001)in postoperative drainage at POD 5 were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group.Conclusion:Early postoperative EN could accelerate the rehabilitation process after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy,improve postoperative nutritional status,and reduce abdominal inflammation.

The effects of silencing circANKRD11 on RSV-induced bronchial epithelial cell damage by targeting miR-218-5p / 免疫学杂志

This study was designed to explore the effect of silencing circANKRD11 on bronchial epithelial cell damage induced by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)and its possible mechanism.Human bronchial epithelial cells(HBECs)induced by RSV were cultured for 24 h in medium with RSV of 0.000 1 MOI after corresponding transfection to construct cell damage model.qRT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of circANKRD11,miR-218-5p,TNFR1 and BRD4;CCK-8 method and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis;ELISA method was used to detect the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β.Furthermore,the dual luciferase reporter experiment was used to detect the targeting relationship between circANKRD11 and miR-218-5p;Western blot method was used to detect the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,TNFR1,and BRD4 protein.Data showed that the expression of circANKRD11,TNFR1 and BRD4 in RSV-induced HBECs was increased(P<0.05),while the expression of miR-218-5p was decreased(P<0.05).After transfection of si-circANKRD11 or miR-218-5p mimic,reductions in cell proliferation inhibition rate,IL-6 level,IL-1β level and apoptosis rate were observed in RSV-induced HBECs(P<0.05).circANKRD11 could act as a molecular sponge to targeting bind to miR-218-5p.The introduction of miR-218-5p inhibitor in cells was able to abolish the effects of si-circANKRD11 transfection on the proliferation,apoptosis and inflammation of RSV-induced HBECs.Taken together,silencing of circANKRD11 could promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis and inflammation by decreasing TNFR1 and BRD4 level via elevating miR-218-5p level,thereby reducing RSV-induced bronchial epithelial cell damage.

A single lateral-rectus approach in the robot-assisted treatment of acetabular fractures involving the posterior column / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of a single lateral-rectus approach (LRA) in the Ti-Robot-assisted treatment of acetabular fractures involving the posterior column.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 16 patients with acetabular fracture who had been admitted to Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Taihe Hospital from August 2021 to March 2023. There were 13 males and 3 females with a mean age of 51.5 (35.8, 56.8) years. By the Judet-Letournel classification, there were 4 anterior and posterior semi-transverse fractures, 2 T-shaped fractures, and 10 double-column fractures. The time from injury to operation was 6.0 (5.3, 7.8) d. All their acetabular fractures involving the posterior column were treated by a single LRA with the assistance of a Ti-Robot. Operation time, blood loss, complications, quality of fracture reduction, modified Merle d'Aubigné & Postel scores and acetabular recovery at the last follow-up were recorded.Results:In this cohort, the operation time was (4.1±0.6) h and the blood loss 400 (300, 575) mL. By the Matta evaluation, the fracture reduction was excellent in 10 cases, good in 5 cases, and poor in 1 case. The follow-up time was (11.3±3.9) months. Bone union was achieved in all fractures after 3.0 (2.3, 4.0) months. By the modified Merle d'Aubigné & Postel scores at the last follow-up, 9 cases were excellent, 6 cases were good and 1 case was fair. Injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve occurred in 1 patient, and deep venous thrombosis in 6 patients. Follow-ups revealed no iatrogenic vascular injury, loosening or rupture of internal fixation, or incision infection.Conclusion:A single LRA approach can be used in the minimally invasive treatment assisted by a Ti-Robot for acetabular fractures involving the posterior column, demonstrating advantages of minimal invasion, high reduction quality and good functional recovery of the hip joint.

Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic refractory wounds in orthopedic trauma patients (version 2023) / 中华创伤杂志

Chronic refractory wound (CRW) is one of the most challengeable issues in clinic due to complex pathogenesis, long course of disease and poor prognosis. Experts need to conduct systematic summary for the diagnosis and treatment of CRW due to complex pathogenesis and poor prognosis, and standard guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of CRW should be created. The Guideline forthe diagnosis and treatment of chronic refractory wounds in orthopedic trauma patients ( version 2023) was created by the expert group organized by the Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Chinese Orthopedic Association, Chinese Society of Traumatology, and Trauma Orthopedics and Multiple Traumatology Group of Emergency Resuscitation Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association after the clinical problems were chosen based on demand-driven principles and principles of evidence-based medicine. The guideline systematically elaborated CRW from aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative management, complication prevention and comorbidity management, and rehabilitation and health education, and 9 recommendations were finally proposed to provide a reliable clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of CRW.

Establish a whole-process comprehensive surveillance management mode for immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis / 中华预防医学杂志

The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown impressive anti-tumor efficacy across multiple malignant tumors, leading to the prolonged survival period of tumor patients. However, immune-related adverse events should not be ignored. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a pulmonary adverse event that can occur in malignant tumor patients after receiving ICIs treatment. The incidence of CIP has been reported to range from 2.7% to 20.0% in clinical trials and real-world research. Furthermore, some patients might suffer from serious or fatal CIP, and the prognosis of such patients will be poor. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment may improve the prognosis of these patients. The establishment of a whole-process CIP comprehensive surveillance management mode covering the health care system and patients during ICIs treatment might be helpful to improve the early diagnosis and treatment capacity of CIP, which is a key measure to improve the prognosis of these patients.

Analysis on the management of type 2 inflammatory asthma from the guideline of Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention / 中华预防医学杂志

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, which is involved in a variety of cells and cellular components. In 2019, the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma issued by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Committee put forward the concept of type 2 inflammatory asthma for the first time. The updated evolution of GINA guidelines has promoted the development of biological agents and disease treatment, providing effective prevention and treatment for patients with severe asthma and improving disease outcome. This paper expounds the disease mechanism and management suggestions of type 2 inflammatory asthma in GINA guidelines, and analyzes the relevant clinical studies on targeted treatment of type 2 inflammatory asthma in recent years, in order to provide reference for in-depth understanding of level 3 prevention and management of patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma.

Establish a whole-process comprehensive surveillance management mode for immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis / 中华预防医学杂志

The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown impressive anti-tumor efficacy across multiple malignant tumors, leading to the prolonged survival period of tumor patients. However, immune-related adverse events should not be ignored. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a pulmonary adverse event that can occur in malignant tumor patients after receiving ICIs treatment. The incidence of CIP has been reported to range from 2.7% to 20.0% in clinical trials and real-world research. Furthermore, some patients might suffer from serious or fatal CIP, and the prognosis of such patients will be poor. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment may improve the prognosis of these patients. The establishment of a whole-process CIP comprehensive surveillance management mode covering the health care system and patients during ICIs treatment might be helpful to improve the early diagnosis and treatment capacity of CIP, which is a key measure to improve the prognosis of these patients.

Analysis on the management of type 2 inflammatory asthma from the guideline of Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention / 中华预防医学杂志

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, which is involved in a variety of cells and cellular components. In 2019, the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma issued by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Committee put forward the concept of type 2 inflammatory asthma for the first time. The updated evolution of GINA guidelines has promoted the development of biological agents and disease treatment, providing effective prevention and treatment for patients with severe asthma and improving disease outcome. This paper expounds the disease mechanism and management suggestions of type 2 inflammatory asthma in GINA guidelines, and analyzes the relevant clinical studies on targeted treatment of type 2 inflammatory asthma in recent years, in order to provide reference for in-depth understanding of level 3 prevention and management of patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma.

Mechanism of Modified Danggui Shaoyao San in treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis based on network pharmacology and experimental verification / 中国药理学通报

Aim To predict the targets of Modified Danggui Shaoyao San ( MDSS) in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis ( CAG) based on network pharmacology and vertify the results based on experim-ention. Methods TCMSP, SWISS TARGETS, GENE CARDS and OMIM databases were used to screen the therapeutic targets of MDSS for CAG. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct the protein interaction network and screen the core targets. Metascape database was used for GO analysis and KEGG enrichment pathways. And molecular docking was used for target validation. CAG rat model was pre¬pared by N-methyl-N'-nitroso-N-nitroguanidine free drink combined with sodium salicylate gastric lavage. The pathology of rat gastric mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and the ultrastructure of ep¬ithelial cells was observed by transmission electron mi-croscopy. The serum IL-6 and IL-10 content was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of JAK2, STAT3 , p-STAT3 , c-MYC mRNA and protein in rats was detected by qPCR and Western blot. Results MDSS acted on 189 targets, mainly involved in response to oxidative stress and apoptotic signaling pathway. KEGG analysis related to pathways in cancer and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that the MDSS could improve the degree of atrophy of gastric mucosa in CAG rats and improve the status of epithelial cells, down-regulate the serum IL-6 content of CAG rats, up-regulate the IL-10 content, and reduce the expression of JAK2, STAT3 , p-STAT3 , c-MYC mRNA and protein in gastric mucosa with statistical significance. Conclusions MDSS treats CAG through multiple active ingredients, targets, and pathways, the mechanism of which may be related to the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by regulating autophagy through PI3K/AKT pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by regulating autophagy through PI3K/AKT pathway. Methods The rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=10): sham operation group(Sham), model group(Model), Buyang Huanwu Decoction group(BYHWD), PI3K inhibitor group(LY294002)and Vehicle group(Vehicle). Except Sham group, the other groups were treated with 2h ischemia and 72 h reperfusion for modeling. The Zea Longa score was used to assess the neurological defects, HE was used to observe brain injury in the ischemic penumbra(IP), immunofluorescence was employed to detect LC3, and Western blot was used to detect pathway and autophagy marker proteins. Results Compared BYHWD group with model group, the neurological score of rats decreased, cerebral infarction volume decreased, the pathological lesions of brain IP were relieved, PI3K and p-AKT/AKT expression increased, and LC3Ⅱ/ decreased and p62 increased(P<0.05). The regulatory effect of BYHWD was weakened by LY294002(P<0.05). Conclusion Buyang Huanwu Decoction alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by activating PI3K/AKT pathway to inhibit autophagy.

Clinical, genetic, and pathological analysis in 165 children with disorders of sex development / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the clinical phenotypes, genetic characteristics, and pathological features of children with disorders of sex development (DSD).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on epidemiological, clinical phenotype, chromosomal karyotype, gonadal pathology, and genotype data of 165 hospitalized children with DSD at Children's Hospital of Hebei Province and Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from August 2008 to December 2022.@*RESULTS@#Among the 165 children with DSD, common presenting symptoms were short stature (62/165, 37.6%), clitoromegaly (33/165, 20.0%), cryptorchidism (28/165, 17.0%), hypospadias (24/165, 14.5%), and skin pigmentation abnormalities/exteriorized pigmented labia majora (19/165, 11.5%). Chromosomal karyotype analysis was performed on 127 cases, revealing 36 cases (28.3%) of 46,XX DSD, 34 cases (26.8%) of 46,XY DSD, and 57 cases (44.9%) of sex chromosome abnormalities. Among the sex chromosome abnormal karyotypes, the 45,X karyotype (11/57, 19%) and 45,X/other karyotype mosaicism (36/57, 63%) were more common. Sixteen children underwent histopathological biopsy of gonadal tissues, resulting in retrieval of 25 gonadal tissues. The gonadal tissue biopsies revealed 3 cases of testes, 3 cases of dysplastic testes, 6 cases of ovaries, 11 cases of ovotestes, and 1 case each of streak gonad and agenesis of gonads. Genetic testing identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 23 cases (23/36, 64%), including 12 cases of 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by CYP21A2 pathogenic variants.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Short stature, clitoromegaly, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and skin pigmentation abnormalities are common phenotypes in children with DSD. 45,X/other karyotype mosaicism and CYP21A2 compound heterozygous variants are major etiological factors in children with DSD. The most commonly observed gonadal histopathology in children with DSD includes ovotestes, ovaries, and testes/dysgenetic testes.

Chemical constituents from stems and leaves of Cratoxylum cochinchinense and their inhibitory effects on proliferation of synoviocytes in vitro / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Cratoxylum cochinchinense were isolated and purified using silica gel, ODS gel, and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, as well as preparative HPLC. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties, spectroscopic analyses, and the comparison of their physicochemical and spectroscopic data with the reported data in literature. As a result, 21 compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of C. cochinchinense, which were identified as cratocochine(1), 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone(2), 1-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxyxanthone(3), ferrxanthone(4), 3,6-dihydroxy-1,5-dimethoxyxanthone(5), 3,6-dihydroxy-1,7-dimethoxyxanthone(6), 1,2,5-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxyxanthone(7), securixanthone G(8), gentisein(9), 3,7-dihydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone(10), pancixanthone B(11), garcimangosxanthone A(12), pruniflorone L(13), 9-hydroxy alabaxanthone(14), cochinchinone A(15), luteolin(16), 3,5'-dimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,3'-neolignane-5,9,9'-triol(17), N-benzyl-9-oxo-10E,12E-octadecadienamide(18), 15-hydroxy-7,13E-labdadiene(19), stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one(20), and stigmast-5-en-3β-ol(21). Among these isolates, compound 1 was a new xanthone, compounds 2-5, 7, 8, 12, and 16-21 were isolated from the Cratoxylum plant for the first time, and compounds 11 and 13 were obtained from C. cochinchinense for the first time. Furthermore, all isolated compounds 1-21 were appraised for their anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities by MTS method through measuring their anti-proliferative effect on synoviocytes in vitro. As a result, xanthones 1-15 displayed notable anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities, which showed inhibitory effects on the proliferation of MH7A synoviocytes with the IC_(50) values ranging from(8.98±0.12) to(228.68±0.32) μmol·L~(-1).

Mechanism of protective effect of resveratrol on poor ovarian response in mice / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of resveratrol(Res) on poor ovarian response(POR) in mice. The common target genes shared by Res and POR were predicted by network pharmacology, used for Gene Ontology(GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment, and then validated by animal experiments. The mice with regular estrous cycle after screening were randomized into normal, POR, and low-and high-dose(20 and 40 mg·kg~(-1), respectively) Res groups. The normal group was administrated with an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage, and the mice in other groups with tripterygium glycosides suspension(50 mg·kg~(-1)) by gavage for 2 weeks. After the modeling, the mice in low-and high-dose Res groups were treated with Res by gavage for 2 weeks, and the mice in normal and POR groups with an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage. Ovulation induction and sample collection were carried out on the day following the end of treatment. Vaginal smears were collected for observation of the changes in the estrous cycle, the counting of retrieved oocytes, and the measurement of ovarian wet weight and ovarian index. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to measure the levels of anti-mullerian hormone(AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), estradiol(E_2), and luteinizing hormone(LH) in the serum. The ovarian tissue morphology and granulosa cell apoptosis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL), respectively. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(AKT), forkhead box O(FOXO) 3a, hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α, B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax). A total of 222 common targets shared by Res and POR were collected. GO annotation indicated that these targets were mainly involved in oxidative stress response. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that Res can intervene in POR via PI3K/AKT, HIF-1, and FOXO signaling pathways. Animal experiments showed that the model group had higher rate of estrous cycle disorders, lower number and poorer morphology of normally developed follicles at all levels, more atretic follicles, higher apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, lower number of retrieved oocytes, lower ovarian wet weight and ovarian index, higher serum levels of FSH and LH, lower levels of AMH and E_2, higher expression levels of HIF-1α, FOXO3a and Bax, and lower expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and Bcl-2 in the ovarian tissue than the normal group. Compared with the POR group, low-and high-dose Res decreased the rate of estrous cycle disorders, improved the follicle number and morphology, reduced atretic follicles, promoted the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, increased retrieved oocytes, ovarian wet weight and ovarian index, and lowered serum FSH and LH levels. Moreover, Res down-regulated the expression levels of HIF-1α, FOXO3a and Bax, and up-regulated the expression levels of PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 in the ovarian tissue. In summary, Res can inhibit apoptosis and mitigate poor ovarian response in mice by regulating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a and HIF-1α pathways.

Progress in role of intercellular mitochondrial transfer in diabetes and its complications / 中国病理生理杂志

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and has become a com-mon chronic disease worldwide.Mitochondria play key roles in energy production,signal transduction and apoptosis.Mi-tochondrial dysfunction is an important factor that promotes the development of diabetes and its complications.Maintaining mitochondrial function is expected to have a therapeutic effect on diabetes and its complications.Mitochondria can be transferred between cells,replacing dysfunctional mitochondria with exogenous healthy mitochondria and thereby reversing cell damage.Mitochondrial transfer through actin-based tunnel nanotubes,extracellular vesicles,connexins,cell fusion and extrusion has been shown to restore the bioenergetics of damaged mammalian cells.In addition,mitochondrial trans-plantation,which is an innovative strategy to treat mitochondrial diseases by increasing and replacing mitochondria,has at-tracted increasing attention.This article focuses on improving mitochondrial function in damaged cells as an entry point for the treatment of diabetes and its complications,focusing on the role of mitochondrial transfer among cells in diabetes and its complications.