Fibrillarin promotes homologous recombination repair by facilitating the recruitment of recombinase RAD51 to DNA damage sites / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Eukaryotic organisms constantly face a wide range of internal and external factors that cause damage to their DNA. Failure to accurately and efficiently repair these DNA lesions can result in genomic instability and the development of tumors (Canela et al., 2017). Among the various forms of DNA damage, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly harmful. Two major pathways, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), are primarily responsible for repairing DSBs (Katsuki et al., 2020; Li and Yuan, 2021; Zhang and Gong, 2021; Xiang et al., 2023). NHEJ is an error-prone repair mechanism that simply joins the broken ends together (Blunt et al., 1995; Hartley et al., 1995). In contrast, HR is a precise repair process. It involves multiple proteins in eukaryotic cells, with the RAD51 recombinase being the key player, which is analogous to bacterial recombinase A (RecA) (Shinohara et al., 1992). The central event in HR is the formation of RAD51-single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) nucleoprotein filaments that facilitate homology search and DNA strand invasion, ultimately leading to the initiation of repair synthesis (Miné et al., 2007; Hilario et al., 2009; Ma et al., 2017).

Comparisons of characteristics of adult and juvenile callers at high risk for suicide from psychological assistance hotline and the influencing factors of intervention effect / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo compare the characteristics of adult and juvenile callers at high risk of suicide from psychological assistance hotline， to screen factors influencing the crisis intervention effect， so as to develop specific intervention programs for different age groups on psychological assistance hotline. MethodsFrom January 2021 to June 2021， a total of 2 229 callers at high risk for suicide were recruited from Beijing psychological assistance hotline. The selected individuals were divided into adult group （n=1 344） and juvenile group （n=885）. Callers were interviewed by the hotline operators. Their general information， suicidal ideation， socio-psychological characteristics and chief complaints were recorded and compared between two groups. Before and after hotline crisis interventions， psychological distress， suicidal ideation intensity and hope level of the callers were assessed， and the improvements in the three assessed dimensions were compared between two groups. Then Logistic regression was adopted to compare the crisis intervention effects on three dimensions and their associated factors. ResultsCompared with adult group， juvenile group reported higher rates of family relationship problems， learning problems， history of suicide attempts and fear of assault， with statistically significant differences （χ2=55.604， 24.706， 41.944， 106.527， P<0.01）. After hotline crisis intervention， the proportion of callers with increased level of hope was larger in juvenile group than that in adult group （42.74% vs. 30.97%， χ2=26.042， P<0.01）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the chances of improvement in psychological distress for major depressive disorder （OR=0.650， 95% CI： 0.510~0.827）， the chances of improvement in the level of hope for those with substance dependents （OR=0.550， 95% CI： 0.327~0.926）， and the chances of improvement in the intensity of suicidal ideation for those with stressful life events （OR=0.565， 95% CI： 0.328~0.973） were all higher in juvenile group than those in adult group after crisis intervention. ConclusionAmong the callers at high risk for suicide from psychological assistance hotline， adult callers are more concerned about extra-familial relationships， work and economic problems， while juvenile callers are more concerned about family relationship and learning problems. Furthermore， the effect of crisis intervention in juvenile callers is less affected by major depressive disorder， substance use problems and stressful life events.

Computed tomography features and prediction model of stage-IA solitary nodular invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To investigate the computed tomography (CT) features of solitary nodular invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma (IMA) in stage IA and establish its prediction model. <b>Methods</b> We included 53 lesions of 53 patients with stage-IA IMA and 141 control lesions of 141 patients with invasive non-mucinous lung adenocarcinoma (NIMA) that were confirmed by surgical pathology in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. Univariable analysis was used to compare the demographics and CT signs of the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the main factors influencing solitary nodular IMA. A risk score prediction model was constructed based on the regression coefficients of the main influencing factors. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the performance of the model. <b>Results</b> The univariable analysis showed significant differences between the two groups in age, largest nodule diameter, tumor-lung interface, lobulation, spiculation, air-bronchogram or vacuole sign, vessel abnormalities (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The spiculation sign was different between the two groups, which was longer and softer in the IMA group while shorter and harder in the NIMA group. There was no significant difference in sex, nodule shape, or pleural retraction (<i>P</i> > 0.05), but irregular shapes were slightly more frequent in the IMA group. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that obscure tumor-lung interface (odds ratio (<i>OR</i> = 20.930, <i>P</i> < 0.05), air-bronchogram or vacuole sign (<i>OR</i> = 7.126, <i>P</i> < 0.05), spiculation sign (<i>OR</i> = 4.207, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and vessel abnormalities (<i>OR</i> = 0.147, <i>P</i> < 0.05) were the main influencing factors. The prediction model based on those factors’ regression coefficients had an area under the ROC curve of 0.829 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusion</b> Compared with those with NIMA, patients with solitary nodular IMA in stage IA were older and more likely to have the CT features of obscure tumor-lung interface, air-bronchogram or vacuole sign, and longer and softer spiculation. Based on the regression coefficients of tumor-lung interface, air-bronchogram or vacuole sign, spiculation, and vessel abnormalities, the risk score prediction model showed good predictive performance for solitary nodular IMA.

Advances in in vitro and in vivo models for Listeria monocytogenes placental infection / 生物工程学报

Listeria monocytogenes is recognized as a significant foodborne pathogen, capable of causing listeriosis in humans, which is a global public health concern. This pathogen is particularly dangerous for pregnant women, as it can lead to invasive listeriosis in fetuses and neonates, posing a significant threat to both maternal and fetal health. Therefore, establishing suitable in vitro and in vivo models for L. monocytogenes placenta infection, as well as analyzing and exploring the infection process and its pathogenic mechanism, are important approaches to prevent and control L. monocytogenes infection in mothers and infants. In this study, we reviewed the in vitro and in vivo placental models used for studying the infection of L. monocytogenes in maternal and infant, summarized and discussed the advantages and limitations of each model, and explored the potential of in vitro cell models and organoids for the study of L. monocytogenes infection. This paper aims to support the study of the infection pathway and pathogenesis of listeriosis and provide scientific references for the prevention and control of L. monocytogenes infection.

Therapeutic effects of Saussurea involucrate injection in severe acute pancreatitis in rats / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of Saussurea involucrate injection in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats.Methods A total of 80 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups:SAP group (three hours、48 hours),Saussurea involucrate treated group (three hours、48 hours),ulinastatin control group (three hours、48 hours) and sham operation group (three hours、48 hours),10 rats in each group.After modeling,the rats of SAP group were regularly feeded and the rats of other three group were treated with Saussurea involucrate injection (1.04 mL/kg) intraperitoneal injection,ulinastatin 10 000 U/L tail vein injection,and saline femoral vein injection,respectively and injected every 12 hours.At three hours and 48 hours after treated,blood and pancreatic tissue samples were obtained.The mortality rate,serum amylase level and pathological changes of the pancreas of each group were observed.Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in pancreatic tissues was determined by chemical colorimetry.The level of TNF-α mRNA,IL 6 mRNA and IL-10 mRNA in pancreatic tissues were measured with reverse trascription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The activity of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) in the pancreatic tissue was tested by immunohistochemistry.Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare multiple groups,and the least significant difference (LSD) method was used in the multiple comparisons between groups.Fisher's exact probability method was performed for rates comparison.Results At 48 hours,there was no statistically significant difference in mortality rate among Saussurea involucrate treated group,SAP group and ulinastatin groups (all P＞0.05).At 48 hours,the histopathology score (8.13 ± 0.64),levels of serum amylase ((2 597.0±214.0) U/L),TNF-α ((254.4±11.6) ng/L),IL-6 ((441.4±14.6) ng/L),levels of pancreatic tissues MDA ((311.0±10.6) mmol/L),TNF-α mRNA(2.04±0.08),IL-6 mRNA (1.77±0.04)and activity of NF-κB p65 ((25.90±2.90)％) of Saussurea involucrate treated group were all lower than those of SAP group (11.40±0.89,(4 780.0±101.0) U/L,(396.0±7.4) ng/L,(664.4± 7.6) ng/L,(418.0± 10.6) mmol/L,2.94±0.03,2.63±0.08 and (51.60±5.27) ％;however level of serum IL-10 ((133.5±6.9) ng/L vs (95.1±5.2) ng/L) and IL-10 mRNA of the pancreatic tissue (1.38±0.06 vs 0.85±0.03) significantly increased (F=253.07、441.63、489.40、2 465.00、196.65、477.89、562.79、131.70、560.18、570.04,all P＜0.01).There was no significant differences in all above parameters between Saussurea involucrate treated group and ulinastatin groups (7.56±0.88,(2 607.0±239.0) U/L,(252.2 ±9.2) ng/L,(443.4±9.6) ng/L,(308.4±9.2) mmol/L,2.10±0.12,1.74±0.04,(26.00±3.67)％,(134.5±7.8) ng/L and 1.42±0.06) at 48 hours (all P＞0.05).Conclusion Saussurea involucrate injection can eliminate oxygen free radicals and prevent to xidation,inhibit NF-κB activation,regulate synthesis and release of cytokines,and alleviate pancreatic injury in SAP rats,but it can not decrease mortality.

Expression and biological role of Matrix metalloproteinases 16 in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Esophageal carcinoma is one of main malignancies with rapid course and a poor prognosis in China. The reasons of poor overall survival are the invasion and metastasis of the tumor. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) play essential roles in promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and functional signiifcance of matrix metalloproteinase 16(MMP-16) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We expect to ifnd a lead molecule for the beneift of early detecting tumor and the development of novel treatment of ESCC. Methods:The expression levels of MMP-16 protein and mRNA in human ESCC and the matched normal tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). The stable Ec109 cell line with MMP-16 knockdown and negative controls were established by RNA interference technology. The cell migration, invasion, proliferation and cell apoptosis of MMP-16 in stable interfered Ec109 cell line was examined by cell counting, scratch test, Transwell test and lfow cytometry assays. The data were analyzed by t test. Results:MMP-16 protein was downregulated in cancerous group compared with the matched normal tissue and correlated with the clinical features of histological differentiation (P0.05). Conclusion: MMP-16 is downregulated in human ESCC tissues. The cell migration and invasion is promoted by interference of MMP-16 in Ec109, while the cell apoptosis is inhibited. MMP-16 may be considered as a target gene for therapy of ESCC.