RESUMEN
From January 2018 to August 2019, 87 children aged 2 to 8 years with upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Shangqiu First People′s Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned in two groups, 45 cases received omeprazole for treatment (group A) and 42 cases received ulinastatin and omeprazole for treatment (group B). The omeprazole 10 mg/d was administrated orally for 2 to 4 weeks in two groups, while in group B additional ulinastatin injection (10 000-50 000 IU·kg -1·d -1 was given for 1 week. The effective rate in group B was 95.2% (40/42), which was significantly higher than that in group A (80.0%, 36/45) (χ2=4.567, P=0.03). After treatment, gastroscopy showed that the time of hemostasis, the time of stopping hematemesis, the time of fecal occult blood turning negative, and the length of hospital stay in group B were significantly shorter than those in group A ( P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that the percentages of CD3 + and CD4 + increased and the percentages of CD8 + decreased significantly after treatment in the two groups, while the changes in group B were more marked than those in group A ( P<0.05). Serum inflammatory factors (serum procalcitonin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis α) were significantly reduced after treatment in the two groups, while the above indicators in group A were significantly lower than those in group A (all P<0.05). In group A, there was 1 case of nausea and vomiting, 1 case of abdominal pain and diarrhea, and 1 case of lethargy; in group B, there was 1 case of nausea and vomiting and 1 case of abdominal pain and diarrhea. The study suggests that ulinastatin combined with omeprazole has a better effect than omeprasole alone in treatment of children with upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding without increasing adverse effects.
RESUMEN
In the evaluation of tear film stability based on corneal topography, a pretreatment algorithm for tear film video was proposed for eye movement, eyelash reflection and background interference. First, Sobel operator was used to detect the blur image. Next, the target image with highlighted ring pattern was obtained by the morphological open operation performed on the grayscale image. Then the ring pattern frequency of the target image was extracted through the Hough circle detection and fast Fourier transform, and a band-pass filter was applied to the target image according to the ring pattern frequency. Finally, binarization and morphological closed operation were used for the localization of the ring pattern. Ten tear film videos were randomly selected from the database and processed frame by frame through the above algorithm. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm was effective in removing the invalid images in the video sequence and positioning the ring pattern, which laid a foundation for the subsequent evaluation of tear film stability.
Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Córnea , Topografía de la Córnea , LágrimasRESUMEN
Inflammatory orofacial pain, in which substance P (SP) plays an important role, is closely related to the cross-talk between trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs). SGC activation is emerging as the key mechanism underlying inflammatory pain through different signalling mechanisms, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) activation, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways, and cytokine upregulation. However, in the TG, the mechanism underlying SP-mediated orofacial pain generated by SGCs is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether SP is involved in inflammatory orofacial pain by upregulating interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α from SGCs, and we explored whether MAPK signalling pathways mediate the pain process. In the present study, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the whisker pad of rats to induce an inflammatory model in vivo. SP was administered to SGC cultures in vitro to confirm the effect of SP. Facial expression analysis showed that pre-injection of L703,606 (an NK-1 receptor antagonist), U0126 (an inhibitor of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] kinase [MEK] 1/2), and SB203580 (an inhibitor of P38) into the TG to induce targeted prevention of the activation of the NK-1 receptor and the phosphorylation of MAPKs significantly suppressed CFA-induced inflammatory allodynia. In addition, SP promoted SGC activation, which was proven by increased GFAP, p-MAPKs, IL-1β and TNF-α in SGCs under inflammatory conditions. Moreover, the increase in IL-1β and TNF-α was suppressed by L703, 606, U0126 and SB203580 in vivo and in vitro. These present findings suggested that SP, released from TG neurons, activated SGCs through the ERK1/2 and P38 pathways and promoted the production of IL-1β and TNF-α from SGCs, contributing to inflammatory orofacial pain associated with peripheral sensitization.