RESUMEN
Objective:To learn about the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Chongqing.Methods:From March to November 2018, according to the requirements of the "Technical Plan for Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring in Chongqing in 2018", in all 39 counties (districts) of the city, each county (district) was divided into 5 sampling areas according to the orientation of east, west, south, north and middle. One township/street was selected from each area, one primary school was selected from each township/street, and 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 (age balanced, half male and half female) were selected from each primary school. At the same time, 20 pregnant women (balanced in early, middle and late pregnancy) were selected from each township/street. Household edible salt and random urine samples from children and pregnant women were collected to detect the contents of salt iodine and urinary iodine. Children from 13 counties (districts) were selected for thyroid examination, and the goiter rate of children was calculated.Results:Totally 7 973 and 3 927 household edible salt samples from children and pregnant women were tested, respectively. The median salt iodine was 26.20 mg/kg, the coverage rates of iodized salt were 99.07% (7 899/7 973) and 99.57% (3 910/3 927), the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 93.72% (7 472/7 973) and 95.03% (3 732/3 927), respectively. Totally 7 973 and 3 927 urine samples from children and pregnant women were tested, respectively. The medians urinary iodine were 228.60 and 186.30 μg/L, respectively. Among the 39 monitored counties (districts), there were no county (district) with iodine deficiency in children, and 4 counties (districts) had iodine deficiency in pregnant women. A total of 2 656 children were examined, and the goiter rate was 1.73% (46/2 656).Conclusions:In 2018, children aged 8 - 10 in Chongqing are generally at the appropriate level of iodine, and the goiter rate conforms to the national standard (< 5%). Pregnant women are generally at the appropriate level of iodine, however, pregnant women in some counties (districts) are at risk of iodine deficiency.
RESUMEN
Objective:To master the current status and trend of Keshan disease in Chongqing City, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of Keshan disease in the future.Methods:In 2019, case search was carried out in 9 Keshan disease areas (counties) in Wanzhou District, Fuling District, Changshou District, Liangping District, Dianjiang County, Fengdu County, Zhong County, and Shizhu County of Chongqing City; five Keshan disease areas (counties) including Wanzhou District, Fuling District, Kaizhou District, Dianjiang County, Kaizhou District and Zhong County were selected as the monitoring sites to carry out key monitoring. Questionnaire survey, clinical examination, and electrocardiogram (ECG) were carried out on monitored subjects. The suspected cases of Keshan disease were examined by cardiac ultrasonography or posterior anterior chest X-ray.Results:A total of 25 728 cases were searched in 471 medical institutions, among which 240 suspected cases of Keshan disease were found, and 2 cases of chronic Keshan disease were confirmed. A total of 4 043 permanent residents were monitored in 5 key monitoring sites, and 813 abnormal ECG were detected, with an abnormal rate of 20.11%. Cardiac ultrasonography was performed in 40 cases, of which 19 (47.50%) cases had decreased cardiac function, 16 cases (40.00%) had thickened ventricular septal, and 11 cases (27.50%) had enlarged heart. In 56 cases of chest X-ray examination, mild, moderate and severe enlargement of heart were 9 (16.07%), 5 (8.93%) and 3 (5.36%), respectively. No case of various types of Keshan disease had been found in cardiac ultrasonography and X-ray examations.Conclusions:Chongqing City is in a stable and low incidence of Keshan disease, but some cases of chronic Keshan disease have been detected. We should continue to carry out the disease monitoring in the future.