Dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) has long been recommended for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) eradication in China. Meanwhile, in the latest national consensus in China, dual therapy (DT) comprising an acid suppressor and amoxicillin has also been recommended. In recent years, the eradication rate of H. pylori has reached >90% using DT, which has been used not only as a first-line treatment but also as a rescue treatment. Compared with BQT, DT has great potential for H. pylori eradication; however, it has some limitations. This review summarizes the development of DT and its application in H. pylori eradication. The H. pylori eradication rates of DT were comparable to or even higher than those of BQT or standard triple therapy, especially in the first-line treatment. The incidence of adverse events associated with DT was lower than that with other therapies. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the effects of dual and quadruple therapies on gastrointestinal microecology. In the short term, H. pylori eradication causes certain fluctuations in the gastrointestinal microbiota; however, in the long term, the gastrointestinal microbiota eventually returns to its normal state. In the penicillin-naïve population, patients receiving DT have a high eradiation rate, better compliance, lower incidence of adverse reactions, and lower primary and secondary resistance to amoxicillin. These findings suggest the safety, efficacy, and potential of DT for H. pylori eradication.

Effects of erythropoietin on the expression of GFAP and BrdU in hippocampus of neonatal Wistar rats with hypoxic- ischemic brain damage / 临床儿科杂志

Objectives To explore the effect of exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hippocampal CA1 region and 5- bromide -2- uracil (BrdU) in hippocampal DG region in neonatal Wistar rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into HIBD model group and EPO experimental group, and another 24 rats as sham operated group. The HIBD model was established by ligating the right common carotid artery and inhaling hypoxia gas mixture (8％ O2 and 92％ N2) for 2 h. The expression of GFAP in hippocampal CA1 region and the number of BrdU positive cells in the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemical method on at 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d after operation and compared among three groups. Results On 14 d and 21 d after operation, the expression of GFAP in CA1 region and the number of BrdU positive cells were statistically different among three groups (P<0.01) with EPO experimental group having the highest, HIBD model group having the second highest and sham operation group having the lowest in both, . On 28 d after operation, there was no difference in the expression of GFAP and the number of BrdU positive cells in the DG among three groups (P>0.05). At different time point (14 d, 21 d, 28 d) in every group, the expression of GFAP in CA1 region and the number of BrdU positive cells in DG region were all statistically different (P<0.01), all with the highest on 14 d after operation, second highest on 21 d, and the lowest on 28 d. Conclusions Early administration of exogenous EPO can promote the expression of GFAP in hippocampal CA1 region and increase the number of BrdU positive cells in DG region, which indicates that EPO can promote the proliferation and regeneration of damaged neurons. EPO had neuroprotective effect on neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin on rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To study the protective effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) on brain and to explore the changes in the diversity of intestinal microbial flora in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) by establishing a neonatal rat model of HIE, and to provide an experimental basis for clinical application of EPO in the treatment of neonatal HIE. Methods The HIE model was established in 7-day-old neonatal SD rats. The rats were randomly divided into the HIE model group, EPO-treated group and control group. The changes of nestin expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. Feces of the rats were collected to detect the changes in intestinal microbial flora by 16s rRNA sequencing. Results The expressions of nestin at the same time point in each group were significantly different (P ＜0. 05). The nestin level in the control group was the lowest, that in the EPO-treated group was the highest, and the HIE model group in between. The Shannon-Wiener index of the HIE model group showed a tendency to decrease compared with the control group. Conclusions Exogenous EPO can promote the growth of neural cells in neonatal rats with HIE, indicating a certain protective effect. Meanwhile, the diversity of intestinal microbial flora of the HIE neonatal rats is also changed.

Impact for Family History of Hypertension on Masked Hypertension Morbidity With Relevant Cardiac Damage / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To investigate the impact for family history of hypertension on masked hypertension (MH) morbidity with relevant cardiac damage. Methods: Our research included in 3 groups: MH group, n=250 consecutive patients treated in our hospital from 2010-01 to 2015-04, Hypertension group, n=250 and Control group, n=250 subjects with normal blood pressure. The family history of hypertension, general clinical information, routine biochemical indexes and the findings of echocardiography were studied and compared among different groups. Results: ① There were 70 (28%) patients with family history of hypertension in MH group, 87 (34.8%) in Hypertension group and 26 (10.4%) in Control group. The ratio of family history of hypertension in MH group was higher than Control group, P0.05. Logistic regression analysis presented that family history of hypertension and body mass index were positively related to the morbidities of MH (r=1.468, r=0.173) and hypertension (r=1.195, r=0.086). ② Compared with Control group, MH group had increased left ventricular mass index (85.64 ± 17.7) g/m2 vs (80.50 ± 15.53) g/m2 and the maximum blood flow velocity of aortic valve (115.74 ± 16.54) cm/s vs (112.40±14.21) cm/s, all P<0.05. In MH group, compared with those without family history of hypertension, the patients with family history had the higher left ventricular mass index (89.22 ± 19.08) g/m2 vs (84.25 ± 16.99) g/m2 and the maximum blood flow velocity of aortic valve (119.19 ± 14.97) g/m2 vs (114.39 ± 16.96) g/m2, all P<0.05. Conclusion: The subjects with family history of hypertension had the higher risk of MH morbidity with more severe cardiac damage.

Three-dimensional Pseudo-continuous Arterial Spin Label Non-contrast Enhanced Perfusion Imaging of Head and Neck Tumors with High-field MR System / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin label (3D pCASL) non-contrast enhanced perfusion imaging applied to head and neck tumors in high-field MR and detect the effects of different postlabeling delay (PLD) time on image quality and the reliability of repeated measurements of tumor blood flow (BF) in different 3D pCASL groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this prospective study,all the 25 patients received neck 3D pCASL non-contrast enhanced perfusion examinations in a 3.0 T MR system by using an 8-channel head and neck joint coil. Conventional T1-weighted (TIWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) were performed firstly. Finally,three 3D pCASL with different PLD time [ASL1(PLD1=1525 ms),ASL2 (PLD2=2025 ms), ASL3(PLD3=2525 ms)] were acquired. Patients' perfusion-weighted images acquired from different 3D pCASL sequences underwent the analysis of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast noise ratio (CNR) for tumors. Two observers performed the qualitative assessments on spiral artifacts and vascular artifacts of perfusion-weighted images from different 3D pCASL sequences. Blood flow (BF) of tumors from different 3D pCASL sequences were measured by the two observers respectively for the first time and by observer 2 for the second time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventeen enrolled patients (age:50.1 ± 12.7 years,M/F=10:7) with histopathologic.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>underwent the evaluation of image quality and measurements of BF values. The SNRs and CNRs of ASL1,ASL2, and ASL3 showed a descending trendency. SNRs (P=0.011) and CNRs (P=0.009) of ASL1 were significant higher than those of ASL3. There was no significant difference of scores of spiral artifacts among the three ASL groups (P=0.932). The scores of vascular artifacts of ASL1,ASL2,and ASL3 showed a descending trendency,also. And scores of ASL1 was significant higher than that of ASL3(P=0.000). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of intre-and intraobserver were high (ICC>0.9). Although the BF values of ASL1,ASL2, and ASL3 showed an ascending trendency,there was no significant difference among the three groups (P=0.977).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The 3D pCASL no-contrast enhanced perfusion MR imaging can be used for head and neck tumor. The image quality of perfusion weighted images and reliability of BF measurements were satisfied. The 3D pCASL series with PLD of 1525 ms and 2025 ms have better image quality than PLD of 2525 ms. And BF values do not show significant statistic difference among the three groups. Therefore, 3D pCASL series with PLD of 1525 ms and 2025 ms are more suitable for the perfusion imaging of head and neck tumors</p>