Diagnostic value of three-dimensional reconstruction technique in new classification criteria of lung adenocarcinoma / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To evaluate the application value of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in preoperative surgical diagnosis of new classification criteria for lung adenocarcinoma, which is helpful to develop a deep learning model of artificial intelligence in the auxiliary diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Methods    The clinical data of 173 patients with ground-glass lung nodules with a diameter of ≤2 cm, who were admitted from October 2018 to June 2020 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 55 were males and 118 were females with a median age of 61 (28-82) years. Pulmonary nodules in different parts of the same patient were treated as independent events, and a total of 181 subjects were included. According to the new classification criteria of pathological types, they were divided into pre-invasive lesions (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and and adenocarcinoma in situ), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive adenocarcinoma. The relationship between 3D reconstruction parameters and different pathological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma, and their diagnostic values were analyzed by multiplanar reconstruction and volume reconstruction techniques. Results    In different pathological types of lung adenocarcinoma, the diameter of lung nodules (P<0.001), average CT value (P<0.001), consolidation/tumor ratio (CTR, P<0.001), type of nodules (P<0.001), nodular morphology (P<0.001), pleural indenlation sign (P<0.001), air bronchogram sign (P=0.010), vascular access inside the nodule (P=0.005), TNM staging (P<0.001) were significantly different, while nodule growth sites were not (P=0.054). At the same time, it was also found that with the increased invasiveness of different pathological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma, the proportion of dominant signs of each group gradually increased. Meanwhile, nodule diameter and the average CT value or CTR were independent risk factors for malignant degree of lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusion    Imaging signs of lung adenocarcinoma in 3D reconstruction, including nodule diameter, the average CT value, CTR, shape, type, vascular access conditions, air bronchogram sign, pleural indenlation sign, play an important role in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma subtype and can provide guidance for personalized therapy to patients in clinics.

Correlation between neglect and behaviour problems of rural children aged 3-6 years in Urumqi / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the situation of neglect and behavior problems of children aged 3-6 years in rural areas of Urumqi, Xinjiang, and to provide basis and reference for the prevention and treatment of child neglect.@*Methods@#Stratified random cluster sampling was performed to select 1 326 children aged 3-6 years from 6 kindergartens in rural Urumqi. The “Chinese Rural Child Aged 3-6 Years Neglect Evaluation Norm” and “Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire” were used.@*Results@#The total neglect rate of rural children was 51.89%, and the rate of behavioral problems was 23.37%. Each dimensional score of neglect among children with behavioral problems was higher than those without behavior preblems, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.77，4.05，2.95，2.44，3.01，2.71，P<0.05). Emotional neglect was correlated with all factors in behavioral preblems, except phychosomation fact (r=0.18，0.80，0.15，0.14，0.19，P<0.05). Neglect in educational was correlated with all factors in behavioral factors except anxiety and hyperactivity (r=0.06，0.05，0.62，0.08，P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Neglect of children aged 3-6 years in rural areas of Urumqi is more prominent and behavioral problems are more common, which should be paid more attention by relevant departments and parents.

Efficacy and safety of steroid combined with immunosuppressants in the treatment of primary IgA nephropathy in children: a Meta analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of steroid combined with immunosuppressants in the treatment of primary IgA nephropathy in children.@*METHODS@#English and Chinese electronic databases were searched to include the studies on the efficacy and safety of steroid combined with immunosuppressants versus steroid alone in the treatment of primary IgA nephropathy in children. Outcome measures included proteinuria remission rate, urinary protein quantification, incidence of adverse events, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and incidence of renal dysfunction. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for data analysis.@*RESULTS@#A total of 7 studies with 381 children were included. The children had moderate to severe proteinuria. The Meta analysis showed that compared with the steroid alone group, the steroid combined with immunosuppressants group achieved a significantly higher rate of proteinuria remission (RR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.19-1.55, P<0.001) and significantly lower urinary protein quantification (SMD=-0.82, 95%CI: -1.23 to -0.41, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse events between the two groups (RR=1.28, 95%CI: 0.92-1.77, P=0.14).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The current evidence shows that for children with primary IgA nephropathy who have moderate to severe proteinuria, steroid combined with immunosuppressants has a better effect than steroid alone and does not increase the incidence rate of adverse events.

Ultrasonic evaluation of the effect of cartilage acetabular ,glenoid labrum and acetabular tissue on closed reduction of developmental dysplasia of hip / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of cartilage acetabular ,glenoid labrum and acetabular tissue on closed reduction of developmental dysplasia of hip ( DDH ) by analyzing the outcomes of the ultrasound measurement on DDH before and after Pavik Harness treatment . Methods Graf method was used in ultrasound measurement before the treatment . Position of cartilaginous acetabulum and glenoid labrum and displacement direction of femoral head in 31 patients with hip dislocations ( type D ,type Ⅲ ,typeⅣ ,36 hips) were recorded . T he follow‐up testing with ultrasound measurement on the inside of the hip were performed after 1 －2 weeks of Pavik Harness treatment . M ediolateral dimension ,anteroposterior dimension and the area of maximum section of acetabular tissue were measured . Reduction effects were evaluated . Results T he success rate of reduction of dislocation hips with cartilaginous acetabulum on the head orientation was obviously higher than that on the foot orientation( P ＜0 .000 1) . T he success rate of reduction of dislocation hips with glenoid labrum on the head orientation was obviously higher than that on the foot orientation ( P ＝ 0 .001 6 ) . T here was a statistically significant difference in the success rate of different types of hip dislocation ( type D , type Ⅲ , type Ⅳ ) ( P＝ 0 .002 7 ) . T here were statistically significant differences in mediolateral dimension ,anteroposterior dimension and the area of maximum section of acetabular tissue between the reduction group and the group without dislocation ,the irreducible group and the group without dislocation ,the irreducible group and the reduction group ( P ＜ 0 .01) . Conclusions Ultrasonography is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of children with DDH . T he position of hip cartilaginous acetabulum and glenoid labrum ,types of hip dislocation and the volume of acetabular tissue have important effects on the success of the closed reduction .

Preparation and Stability of Loratadine Nanoparticle Suspension / 医药导报

Objective To prepare loratadine nanoparticle suspension and investigate the stability of it. Methods Loratadine nanoparticle suspension was prepared by anti-tumor agent precipitation method,the nanosuspension was characterized by particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy, the optimal prescription was screened, and the stability of nanosuspension was investigated by HPLC. Results The optimal prescription stablizer was SDS and organic phase was ethanol. The drug loading radio was 1:2 and the proportion of organic phase to water was 5:10 and the time of high shear was 5 min. Loratadine suspension was pale blue with a uniform emulsion.The nanoparticles were spherical,with an average particle size of 112.8 nm,the PDI of 0.095 and the Zeta potential of -38.6 mV.The suspension had the best physical and chemical stability at room temperature. Conclusion The preparation method of loratadine suspension with good stability is simple, and it’s expected to become the new nano-drug delivery system of loratadine.

Effect of Intravenous rhBNP on Regional Myocardium Deformability in Patients With Anterior Acute Myocardial Infarction After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of intravenous recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) on regional myocardium deformability in patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 35 patients with anterior AMI who received primary PCI within 12 hours of symptom onset in our hospital from 2013-06 to 2013-12 were enrolled in this study and randomized into 2 groups: rhBNP group, the patients received intravenous rhBNP,n=18, Control group, the patients received standard intravenous nitrates,n=17, and the intravenous pumping administration maintained for 72 hours in both groups. The echocardiography was conducted at immediately, 7 days and 1 month after PCI respectively to compare the relative parameters. The occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were followed-up for 6 months in all patients. Results: The baseline condition was similar between the two groups,P>0.05 , the parameters of echocardiography as LVEF and WMSI at immediately and 7 days after PCI were similar between the two groups,P>0.05. Compared with Control group, rhBNP group had the increased LVEF and decreased WMSI at 1 month after PCI ,P0.05; SRs, SEe and Sra were increased at 1 month after PCI, allP0.05. Conclusion: Intravenous administration of rhBNP could improve the regional myocardium deformability and the systolic/diastolic function in patients with anterior AMI after primary PCI.

Clinical implication of urinary protein markers in diabetic nephropathy and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine / 中国中药杂志

In clinic, some urinary protein makers can dynamically and noninvasively reflect the degree of renal tubular injury in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). These urinary biomarkers of tubular damage are broadly divided into two categories. One is newfound, including kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), neutrophil getatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and cystatin C (CysC); the other one is classical, including beta2 microglobulin (beta2-MG), retinal binding protein (RBP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). It is reported that, the increases in urinary protein markers are not only closely related to the damage of tubular epithelial cells in DN patients, but also can be ameliorated by the treatment with Chinese herbal compound preparations or Chinese herbal medicine. Recently, although urinary proteomics are used in the protein separation and identification, the traditional associated detection of urinary protein markers is more practical in clinic. At present, it is possible that the associated detection of urinary biomarkers of glomerular and tubular damages may be a feasible measure to reveal the clinical significance of urinary protein markers in DN patients and the interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine.

Regulative mechanisms of oxidative stress in kidney in diabetic nephropathy and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine / 中国中药杂志

In the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), reactive oxygen specie (ROS) over much in vivo leads to oxidative stress(OS)-related renal injuries, which are characterized by the structural and functional changes in glomerular and renal tubular cells in morphology. The regulative approaches of OS involve the several signaling pathways, in which, both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway play the important roles as the target of anti-oxidants. The interventional actions of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions and the extracts of single Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) on OS in the kidney in DN include regulating the balance between ROS and antioxidants, reducing the production of AGEs, inhibiting the expression of growth factors and intervening the activity of signaling pathways.

Recognition of experimental animal model with kidney disease / 中国中药杂志

Animal models with kidney disease are generally divided into two types. One belongs to the models which imitate human kidney disease by the artificial operations, such as anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody nephritis, Heymann nephritis, anti-Thyl. 1 antibody nephritis, BSA nephritis and puromycin nephropathy. The other one pertains to the models which make themselves kidney disease, and appear the pathological characteristics naturally as like as human, such as HIGA mice with IgA nephropathy and NZB/WF1 and MRL/1pr mice with lupus nephritis. In addition,the transgenic animal models with kidney disease can also be established by the modern molecular biologic techniques including gene knockout and siRNA transfection. As for the studies related with kidney disease in pharmacodynamics and pharmacology of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), it is important to understand deeply the features of each animal model with kidney disease, and select accurately the proper models according to the different experimental objectives, and then, build the special models provided with the combination of disease with syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Therefore,it is the developmental direction for the further study to establish animal models with kidney disease, which should possess the characteristics of syndrome in TCM.

Effects and mechanisms of multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii improving glomerular inflammatory injury by regulating p38MAPK signaling activation in diabetic nephropathy rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects and mechanisms of multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) on improving glomerular inflammatory lesion in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>DN model was induced by unilateral nephrectomy and intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg x kg(-1)) twice. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the sham-operated group (Sham group, n = 5), the vehicle-given group (Vehicle group, n = 5 ) and GTW-treated group (GTW group, n = 5). After the model was successfully established, the rats in GTW group were daily oral administrated with GTW suspension (50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)), meanwhile, the rats in Vehicle group were daily oral administrated with distilled water (2 mL) for 8 weeks. From the beginning of the administration, all rats were killed 8 weeks later. Blood and renal tissues were collected,and then UAlb, renal function, glomerular morphology characteristics and glomerular macrophages (ED1 + cells) infiltration, as well as the protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-lβ, and the key molecules in p38MAPK signaling pathway including p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphorylated p38 (p-p38MAPK) and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 were investigated respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>GTW not only ameliorated the general state of health and body weight,but also attenuated UAlb, glomerulosclerosis, the infiltration of glomerular ED1 + cells and the protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, p-p38MAPK and TGF-β1 in the kidney in DN model rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By means of DN model rats, we demonstrated that GTW has the protective effect on renal inflammatory damage in vivo via inhibiting inflammatory cells infiltration and inflammatory cytokines expression. Furthermore, GTW could improve renal inflammatory lesion through down-regulating the expressions of the key signaling molecules in p38MAPK pathway such as p-p38MAPK and TGF-β1 ,and inhibiting the activation of p38MAPK signaling in the kidney.</p>

Effects and mechanisms of huangkui capsule ameliorating renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy rats via inhibiting oxidative stress and p38MAPK signaling pathway activity in kidney / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To demonstrate the effects and mechanisms of Huangkui capsule (HKC) on renal fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, the sham-operated group (Sham group, n = 5), the vehicle-given group (Vehicle group, n = 7), the low dose of HKC-treated group (L-HKC group, n = 7), the high dose of HKC-treated group (H-HKC group, n = 7) and the lipoic acid (LA)-treated group (LA group, n = 7). DN models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,35 mg x kg(-1)) twice and unilateral nephrectomy. After models were successfully established, the rats in HKC and LA groups were daily administrated with HKC suspensions (0.75, 2 g x kg(-1)) or LA suspensions (60 mg x kg(-1)) respectively, and at the same time, the rats in Vehicle group were daily administrated with distilled water (2 mL) for 8 weeks. All rats were sacrificed at the end of week 8 to collect blood and renal tissues. UAlb, renal function, renal fibrotic morphologic characteristics, as well as oxidative stress (OS)-related markers, the protein expressions of the key signaling molecules in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway, fibrogenic cytokines and inflammatory factors were examined respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>HKC, similar to LA, improved the general state of health, body weight, UAlb, BUN, UA and Alb in DN model rats. Of note, renal fibrosis was ameliorated in HKC groups,especially in H-HKC group which was better than that in LA group. In addition, HKC not only improved the main indexes of OS in the kidney like LA, but also down-regulated the protein expressions of phosphorylated-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in the kidney, whereas, LA only decreased the protein expression of TNF-α in the kidney in DN model rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HKC, similar to LA, has the actions of anti-OS in vivo. Moreover, HKC could attenuate renal fibrosis by suppressing the activation of p38MAPK signaling pathway and the protein expressions of fibrogenic cytokines and inflammatory factors in the kidney in DN model rats, which is different from LA.</p>

Characteristic of urinary protein spectrum in patients with stage III diabetic nephropathy and its regression analysis with traditional Chinese medicine symptom / 中国中药杂志

To analyze the characteristic of urinary protein spectrum in patients with stage III diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its compliance with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)symptom, for the sake of providing a basis for clarifying the rules of TCM syndrome differentiation in DN. Adopting the traditional epidemiological retrospective method, thirty-eight TCM syndromes and urinary protein with medium or low molecular weight, as well as urinary enzyme, including 24 h urinary protein (Upro), urinary albumin( UAlb), urinary retinal binding protein( URBP), urinary cystatin C (UCysC), urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG), were collected from 108 patients with stage III DN, and a multiple factor regression analysis between them was conducted. As the results, the levels of Upro, UAlb, URBP, UCysC, and UNAG were increased in 108 patients with stage III DN. Qi-Yin deficiency type was the major type. The level of UAlb in patients with Qi-Yin deficiency type was significantly higher than those without Qi-Yin deficiency type (P < 0.05). The elevation of Upro with the factors as swift digestion with rapid hungering, lassitude and lack of strength, weakness of waist and knees was complied, the elevation of UA1b with the factors as dry mouth with desire to drink, the elevation of URBP with the factors as numbness of extremities, shortness of breath, the elevation of UCysC with the factors as clear urine in large amounts, and the elevation of UNAG with the factors as frequent micturition, were complied respectively. In conclusion, for 108 stage III DN patients. The increase in urinary protein spectrum including UAlb, URBP, UCysC, and UNAG is the major characteristic. Shen and Pi are the major organs related to the appearance of urinary protein; Pi-Shen deficiency is the basic pathogenesis. The level of UAlb is taken as one of the objective syndrome factors for Qi-Yin deficiency type. The levels of UNAG and UCysC are possibly the objective syndrome factors for Shen-Qi deficiency type.

Fetal congenital deformity resulting from ambient inhalable particulate matters: a case-control study / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between maternal exposure to airborne inhalable particulate matters (PM10) in the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of fetal congenital deformity.Methods Relationship between exposure to airborne PM10 during the 1st,2nd,3rd and 1-3 months of gestation and the risk of fetal anomalies in 203 pregnant women with deformed fetuses,which paralleled to normal pregnant women with discrepancy of conception date ＜30 days (control),were retrospectively analyzed by a case-control study from May 14,2007 to April 30,2012 in Fujian Medical University and Fuzhou General Hospital.Multivariate Logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders including maternal age,gravidity and parity was performed for data analysis.Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,178 pregnant women with deformed fetuses and 356 controlled cases were enrolled.The average levels of PM10 exposed in pregnant women Withfetal cardiovascular anomalies during 1-3 months of gestation were significantly higher than in the controls [(73.80±11.55) μg/m3 vs (70.49±10.83) μg/m3] (t=2.066,P=0.040),but PM10 exposure in the 1st,2nd and the 3rd month of pregnancy were comparable between the observed and control groups [(74.00±17.34) μg/m3 vs (71.70±15.39) μg/m3,t=0.992,P=0.322;(75.15±16.80) μg/m3 vs (71.38±15.66) μg/m3,t=1.625,P=0.106; (70.28±15.84) μg/m3 vs (69.41± 15.84) μg/m3,t=0.383,P=0.702].There were no significant differences of PM10 exposure levels when compared between facial-cervical anomalies,neurologic anomalies and total anomalies and their corresponding controls (P＞0.05).Each increased quartile of the PM10 exposure levels was associated with an elevated risk of fetal cardiovascular anomalies by 1.218 folds (OR =2.218,95 ％ CI:1.232-3.994,P=0.008).Paired multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed,a positive correlation between PM10 levels at 1-3 months of gestation and fetal cardiovascular anomalies (OR =1.106,95％CI:1.035-1.183,P =0.003).Conclusions Maternal exposure to PM10 in the first trimester of pregnancy possibly exerts negative effects on fetal cardiovascular anomalies.

Regulative mechanism of renal inflammatory-related p38MAPK signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine / 中国中药杂志

It is reported, in the process of diabetic nephropathy (DN), inflammatory-related p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway has a close relationship with renal injury. On the one hand,many factors in the upstream including hyperglycemia, abnormal hemodynamics, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines could activate p38MAPK signaling pathway. On the other hand,the activated p38MAPK signaling pathway could lead to renal damage via activating inflammatory cells, inducing the expression of inflammatory mediators, and intervening cytokines production. CHM could intervene p38MAPK signaling pathway through multi-ways, including inhibiting inflammatory cytokines expression, regulating phosphorylated p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) expression, and reducing fibrogenic factors expression.

Overview research of uremic ulearance granule treating chronic renal failure / 中国中药杂志

The effective bioactivity compositions of uremic clearance granul (UCG) include isoflavonoids, emodin, astragaloside, paeoniflorin, salvianolic acid A, and so on. The effects of UCG treating chronic renal failure (CRF) in clinical pharmacodynamics mainly refer to improve renal function and the complications of CRF. The mechanisms involved in vivo basically include depressing transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 over-expression, lessening podocyte injury,inhibiting tubular epithelial myofibroblast transdifferentiation, ameliorating microinflammation status, retarding oxidative stress, and alleviating insulin resistance.

Value of high frequency ultrasound in the postoperative rehabilitation treatment of rotator cuff tear / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of high frequency ultrasound in the postoperative rehabilitation treatment of rotator cuff tear.MethodsEighty-seven patients suspected as rotator cuff tear were detected by ultrasound.Fifty four patients suffered from part or entire tear were gone under the knife.Twenty-seven patients were control group with the autonomic functional training,the other twenty-seven patients were rehabilitation group with the regular rehabilitation training,Clinical functional and ultrasound scoring were performed through the two groups to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation treatment.Efficacy evaluation assessments were taken one year after operation.ResultsThe clinical symptoms were consistent with the ultrasonographic results in different time after operation.The clinical functional and ultrasound scores in rehabilitation group had no statistical difference with control group when 2 and 4 weeks after operation (P ＞ 0.05),the clinical functional and ultrasound scores in rehabilitation group were better than control group when 8,12 and 16 weeks after operation( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).The efficacy evaluation assessments in rehabilitation group were much better than control group(P＜0.01).ConclusionsHigh frequency ultrasound has great significance in the postoperative rehabilitation treatment of rotator cuff tear.

Analysis of drug resistance and risk factors of Enterobacteriaceae in burn units / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the risk factors of infection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing strains and drug resistance of Enterobacteriaceae that infected burn patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was performed on clinical information of 92 patients with Enterobacteriaceae infection in our burn unit from January 2001 to December 2008. The distribution and drug resistance of Enterobacteriaceae, and the detection rate, drug resistance of ESBL-producing strains, and its risk factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed. Data were processed with Chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred and nine strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated, with 38 (34.9%) strains of Enterobacter cloacae, 25 (22.9%) strains of Escherichia coli, 22 (20.2%) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 13 (11.9%) strains of Proteus mirabilis, and 11 (10.1%) other strains of Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacteriaceae were moderately or highly resistant to antibiotics except imipenem, resistance rate of which was less than 8.0%. ESBL-producing strains accounted for 44.0% in Escherichia coli, and 77.3% in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Drug-resistance rate of ESBL-producing strains to antibiotics was obviously higher than that of non ESBL-producing strains. Length of hospital stay longer than 20 days, and use of the third-generation cephalosporin longer than 5 days, quinolone antibiotics longer than 7 days, and topical antibiotics longer than 5 days were the risk factors of nosocomial infection caused by ESBL-producing strains, comparing with non ESBL-producing strains, the difference was statistically significant (with chi2 value respectively 5.491, 4.441, 15.186, 4.938, P values all below 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Enterobacteriaceae strains in burn unit of our hospital are highly drug resistant, with high lactamase-producing rates, calling for intense monitor to control the risk factors that predispose the infection of ESBL-producing strains in order to lower the infection rate.</p>

Ultrasonography on developmental dislocation of the hip in infants of different months and the correlation analysis of each parameter index / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To discuss the changes of correlative ultrasonic parameter index of normal hips and abnormal hips with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) in infants of different months in order to provide objective information for the diagnosis. Methods Three-hundred and seventy-eight normal hips and 244 hips with DDH among 622 hips of 311 infants were detected by ultrasonography(US). The morphology and structure information of hips were observed, and the values of ultrasonic parameter index,including angle α,angle 3, acetabular index( AI), femoral head percentage of cover(FHC) of normal hips and abnormal hips were measured. The values of each parameter index were collected by being divided into different groups (3 months a group) ,then the correlation was analyzed. Results Morphology and structure,position relation between femoral head and acetabulum of the hips were demonstrated by US. Normal or abnormal hips,the degrees of abnormal hips and the types of hips could be judged according to the findingsof US. Analysis of values of parameter index of normal hips:①There was significantly statistical significance in the values of ultrasonic parameter index, such as angle α, angle β, AI, FHC of normal hip between the groups of different age (P＜0.01). ②There was correlation between the age and the values of each parameter index, among which angle α, FHC had positive correlations with age ( r = 0. 537, 0. 554,respectively ) while angle β and Al negative correlations ( r = -0. 465, -0.424, respectively ). ③There was correlation between the values of different parameter index. Both angle β and AI had negative correlation with angle α,among which the latter correlation was closely ( r = - 0. 794). No statistical significance was found between the ultrasonic values of each group under different ages of different type abnormal hips( P ＞0.05) ,but closely negative correlations still existed between angle α and AI. ConclusionsUS can be viewed as an early definite and a screening method of diagnosing DDH.For older infants (above 6 months) it will be more accurate to analyze the ultrasonic parameter index together with the age of infants.