The histological features of papillary thyroid carcinomas 1.5 cm and less in size / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown that papillary microcarcinomas have a more favorable prognosis than do the larger tumors. However, some microcarcinomas may have a negative outcome. So, we investigated the histological features of small (1.5 cm) tumors. METHODS: Between January, 1996 and December, 2000, 178 patients were diagnosed and operated on for their differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma at Pusan National University Hospital. We reviewed the charts and pathologic records of these patients and we analyzed them retrospectively. According to the tumor size 1.5cm, we divided the tumors into two groups and then compared the histological features. RESULTS: Small papillary thyroid carcinomas have a favorable outcome in most cases. However, small papillary thyroid carcinomas present with signs of aggressiveness at presentation, including lymph node metastases (33.3%), multifocality (12.5%), bilateral involvement (12.5%) and extrathyroidal extension (16.7%). Compared with larger tumors, the frequency of theses signs was similar, except for lymph node metastases, in the small papillary thyroid carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one third of the small papillary thyroid cancer 1.5 cm and less in size had neck lymph node metastases at presentation and the signs of aggressiveness were similarly present as compared with the larger tumors. We suggested that the standard treatment is desirable as a therapeutic strategy of small papillary thyroid carcinoma.

A Retrospective Review of the Effectiveness of Recombinant Human TSH-Aided Radioiodine Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma / 대한내분비학회지

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the biochemical effects of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) as an adjunct to radioiodine (RI) treatment of a differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical response rates of DTC patients treated with RI after thyroid hormone withdrawal and compared with those after rhTSH stimulation. METHOD: We included the patients treated with RI for locally recurrent DTC from February 1, 2002 to August 31, 2005 and followed with diagnostic studies at our hospital. Forty totally (or near totally) thyroidectomized adults were included in this study. Nine patients underwent RI treatment after rhTSH stimulation while euthyoid on L-thyroxine (LT4), and 31 patients were treated with RI after thyroid hormone withdrawal. The clinical response was defined as >25% decrease in serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level on LT4 3 months after the RI treatment. RESULTS: In each group, serum Tg levels were significantly decreased 3 months after the RI treatment. And we found that 77.8 and 71.0% of those prepared by rhTSH and LT4 withdrawal, respectively, had clinical responses 3 months after the RI treatment by our criteria and there was no significant difference in response rates between two groups (P=0.238). CONCLUSIONS: Given the biases that exist in retrospective studies, at the current time we cannot recommend the routine use of rhTSH to prepare RI treatment of DTC. However, our study provided preliminary evidence that rhTSH effectively aided RI treatment of DTC at least to an equivalent degree as LT4 withdrawal.

A Retrospective Review of the Effectiveness of Recombinant Human TSH-Aided Radioiodine Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma / 대한내분비학회지

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the biochemical effects of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) as an adjunct to radioiodine (RI) treatment of a differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical response rates of DTC patients treated with RI after thyroid hormone withdrawal and compared with those after rhTSH stimulation. METHOD: We included the patients treated with RI for locally recurrent DTC from February 1, 2002 to August 31, 2005 and followed with diagnostic studies at our hospital. Forty totally (or near totally) thyroidectomized adults were included in this study. Nine patients underwent RI treatment after rhTSH stimulation while euthyoid on L-thyroxine (LT4), and 31 patients were treated with RI after thyroid hormone withdrawal. The clinical response was defined as >25% decrease in serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level on LT4 3 months after the RI treatment. RESULTS: In each group, serum Tg levels were significantly decreased 3 months after the RI treatment. And we found that 77.8 and 71.0% of those prepared by rhTSH and LT4 withdrawal, respectively, had clinical responses 3 months after the RI treatment by our criteria and there was no significant difference in response rates between two groups (P=0.238). CONCLUSIONS: Given the biases that exist in retrospective studies, at the current time we cannot recommend the routine use of rhTSH to prepare RI treatment of DTC. However, our study provided preliminary evidence that rhTSH effectively aided RI treatment of DTC at least to an equivalent degree as LT4 withdrawal.

A Case of Thyroid MALT Lymphoma without Autoimmune Thyroiditis / 대한내분비학회지

A primary thyroid lymphoma is rare among all types of thyroid malignancy. Usually, a thyroid lymphoma is associated with underlying chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Recently, we experienced a primary thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma, with an incidental micropapillary thyroid carcinoma, but lacking evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis. A female patient visited our hospital for further evaluation of a rapidly enlarging, painless thyroid mass which had been stable for 8 years. Lymphocytic thyroiditis or a lymphoma was suspected from fine needle aspiration performed at another hospital. The thyroid function test and other routine laboratory tests were normal. The histopathological findings after a total thyroidectomy revealed a MALT lymphoma with a micropapillary thyroid carcinoma. There was no evidence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case report of a MALT lymphoma arising from the thyroid gland without evidence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in Korea

A Case of Thyroid MALT Lymphoma without Autoimmune Thyroiditis / 대한내분비학회지

A primary thyroid lymphoma is rare among all types of thyroid malignancy. Usually, a thyroid lymphoma is associated with underlying chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Recently, we experienced a primary thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma, with an incidental micropapillary thyroid carcinoma, but lacking evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis. A female patient visited our hospital for further evaluation of a rapidly enlarging, painless thyroid mass which had been stable for 8 years. Lymphocytic thyroiditis or a lymphoma was suspected from fine needle aspiration performed at another hospital. The thyroid function test and other routine laboratory tests were normal. The histopathological findings after a total thyroidectomy revealed a MALT lymphoma with a micropapillary thyroid carcinoma. There was no evidence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case report of a MALT lymphoma arising from the thyroid gland without evidence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in Korea

Bilateral Ostial Coronary Artery Lesions in a Patient with Takayasu's Arteritis

No abstract available.

Relationship between The Expressions of Sodium/Iodide Symporter and The Findings of Thallium-201 Scan in Thyroid Nodules / 대한내분비학회지

BACKGROUND: The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) has an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The relationship between the uptake of thallium- 201 scan (201Tl scan) and the expression of sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) was studied in thyroid nodules. METHODS: Patients that had undergone operations for thyroid nodules, and who received a 201Tl scan before their operations, were investigated. Anti-NIS antibodies were used to analyze the presence and distribution of the hNIS protein by immunohistochemical staining of their thyroid tissues. RESULTS: Forty-four patients (papillary carcinoma; 18, follicular adenoma; 11, adenomatous goiter; 14, nonspecific thyroiditis; 1) 30 with no immunoreactivity and 14 with a positive reaction to the anti-NIS antibody, were included. The NIS negative patients (12/30) had no 201Tl uptake, but all others were positive on 201Tl scan, and the NIS-positive patients (13/14) had positive 201Tl uptake, with 1 negative on 201Tl scan, with significant difference (p=0.035). Of the 18 patients with a papillary thyroid carcinoma, the NIS negative patients (2/10) had no 201Tl uptake and the others were positive on 201Tl scan, but without significant difference. NIS positive patients (1/8) with a papillary thyroid carcinoma had no 201Tl uptake, and the others were positive on 201Tl scan, but without significant difference. Whether the results of NIS staining and 201Tl scan were positive or not did not affect the responses of radioactive iodine therapy in our study. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that thallium-201 uptake may be correlated with hNIS expression in thyroid nodules

A Case of Adrenal Insufficiency Associated with Antiphopholipid Syndrome with SLE / 대한내분비학회지

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoimmune disease that often develops antiphopholipid syndrome (APS). Lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies are the hallmarks of APS. The hypercoagulable state in APS may lead to adrenal vein thrombosis, and subsquently lead to hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal gland. Adrenal hemorrhage is a very rare complication of APS. Although there have been some reports about adrenal hemorrhage associated with primary APS, adrenal hemorrhage associated secondary APS in SLE has not yet been reported. We describe the adrenal hemorrhage associated with secondary APS in SLE, and the patient which complained of general weakeness, nausea, vomiting and diffuse abdominal pain. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hemorrhage, of both renal glands, and clinical features and immunological studies were consistent with APS in SLE. The acute adrenal insufficiency was much improved after the patient was treated with glucocorticoids

A Case of Pheochromocytoma with Ganglioneuronal Differentiation Producing Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / 대한내분비학회지

Vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide, which may cause secretory diarrhea by stimulating the production of adenylate cyclase. Neuroendocrine tumors, secreting vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), are almost always of a pancreatic in origin. However, a pheochromocytoma may produce several neuropeptides, containing VIP, as they are considered to be neuroendocrine tumors. A 57-year-old woman, who presented with chronic watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, weight loss and a left adrenal mass, is described. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a pheoch-romocytoma, with ganglioneuronal differentiation, and was histochemically confirmed to produce a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. A left adrenal VIP-producing pheochromocytoma was successfully resected. After surgery, her diarrhea subsided and the electrolytes, affected neuroendocrine hormone levels, blood pressure and blood sugar level were normalized.

A clinicopathological study of the adult Henoch-Schonlein Purpura / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Henoch-Shnlein purpura is a systemic disease and has characteristic features of purpuric skin rash, abdominal pain, arthralgia and abnormal urinary findings and characterized by immunoglobulin A deposits in the involved organ. Renal involvement is the most important prognostic factor in Henoch-Shnlein purpura. METHODS: I retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 48 patients with Henoch-Shoenlein purpura and 10 biopsy-proven Henoch-Schoenlein nephritis examined at Pusan National University Hospital. RESULTS: 23 cases were males and 25 cases females. Male to female ratio was 1:1.08. The peak of seasonal incidence was seen in spring (41.7%) and winter (27.1%) At presentation, skin purpura was present in 100% of patients, arthralgia was reported in 52.1% and gastrointestinal involvement in 70.8%. 75% of the patients showed renal involvement and pulmonary hemorrhage observed in 2 cases. Common types of skin rash were petechiae, purpura and erythematous maculopapular lesion on the lower extremities. The most common gastrointestinal symptom was abdominal pain (82.3%). Frequently involved joints were knee and ankle (48.0%). Renal involvement were microscopic hematuria (50.0%), proteinuria (50.0%), gross hematuria (29.2%). 25% of patients reached renal insufficiency (GFR<70 mL/min) and 4 cases (8.3%) reached acute renal failure (GFR<30 mL/min and anuria) and 3 patients of them experienced hemodialysis. All renal biopsies showed predominant IgA mesangial deposition. There were 2 cases of grade II, 6 cases of grade III and 2 cases of grade IV by classification of Meadow. Steroids were given in 16 patients (33.3%). Methylprednisolone pulse treatements were given in 4 patients for severe nephritis. 10 patients received angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Clinical remission of extrarenal symptoms was achieved in 83.3% but relapses of purpura were observed in 27.1%. Clinical remissions of nephritis defined as the absence of proteinuria, hematuria and normal renal function was achieved in only 8.3%, Abnormal urinary finding continued in 37.8%. 8.3% of patients expired. CONCLUSION: Although it has been well known that Henoch-Shnlein purpura has benign courses, we experienced 4 case of deaths and The cause of death was acute renal faliure, pulmonary hemorrhage, adult respiratory distress syndrome, massive gastrointestinal bleeding, peritonitis due to bowel perforation.

Aberrant Promoter Methylation of Death-Associated Protein Kinase in Serum DNA from Lung Cancer Patients / 결핵

BACKGROUND: Promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes is one of the key epigenetic changes in many human cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the promoter methylation status of the Death-associated protein(DAP) kinase gene, which played an important role in lung cancer, in the serum DNA of primary lung cancer patients. METHODS: This study investigated the aberrant methylation of DAP kinase in the serum of 65 primary lung cancer patients by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). RESULTS: Methylation in the serum was detected in 29 of 65(44.6%) for DAP kinase. There was no statistical association between methylation of DAP kinase and age, smoking history, histologic type, or stage. Methylation of DAP kinase was found more frequently in men (p=0.044). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the aberrant methylation of the DAP kinase promoter is readily detectable in the serum DNA of lung cancer patients using MSP analysis.

A Case of Takayasu's Arteritis with Bilateral Involvement of Ostial Coronary Arteries / 대한류마티스학회지

Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic large-vessel vasculitis affecting young women more frequently than young men. The patients frequently have signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular insufficiency caused by arterial luminal obliteration or narrowing. Coronary artery involvement occurs in only 9~27% of patients. Most of the coronary artery lesions are predominantly involved unilaterally. We describe a presentation of Takayasu's arteritis in a young woman with involvement of the bilateral ostial coronary arteries.