Literature review on the experimental method and interpretation of the edge chipping test (ECT) / 대한치과보철학회지

In vitro studies are essential to predict the clinical performance of ceramic widely used as restorative materials. Traditional experiments such as fracture toughness and flexural strength have been used to evaluate the properties of brittle ceramics. However, these experiments have a limitation that the load conditions, failure patterns, and load values at which failure occurs are not similar to human occlusal force ranges or clinical failures. On the other hand, the edge chipping test (ECT), which was recently introduced to study chipping fracture of ceramics, has similar failure patterns to clinical trials. In addition, the failure loads from ECT were similar to human occlusal force. ECT can be usefully used in the study of ceramic properties. In this literature review, a more clinically meaningful experimental study of ceramics by examining the meaning and limitations of traditional ceramic failure tests and comparing them with ECT.

Effect of Enhancers on in vitro and in vivo Skin Permeation and Deposition of S-Methyl-(L)-Methionine

S-methyl-(L)-methionine (SMM), also known as vitamin U, is commercially available as skin care cosmetic products for its wound healing and photoprotective effects. However, the low skin permeation expected of SMM due to its hydrophilic nature with a log P value of −3.3, has not been thoroughly addressed. The purpose of this study thus was to evaluate the effect of skin permeation enhancers on the skin permeation/deposition of SMM. Among the enhancers tested for the in vitro skin permeation and deposition of SMM, oleic acid showed the most significant enhancing effect. Moreover, the combination of oleic acid and ethanol further enhanced in vitro permeation and deposition of SMM through hairless mouse skin. Furthermore, the combination of oleic acid and ethanol significantly increased the in vivo deposition of SMM in the epidermis/dermis for 12 hr, which was high enough to exert a therapeutic effect. Therefore, based on the in vitro and in vivo studies, the combination of oleic acid and ethanol was shown to be effective in improving the topical skin delivery of SMM, which may be applied in the cosmetic production process for SMM.

Expression of dendritic cell markers on cultured neutrophils and its modulation by anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic compounds

Neutrophils are also known to acquire the characteristics of dendritic cells (DCs) under the appropriate conditions. In this study, neutrophils were cultivated in vitro in the presence or absence of compounds modulating their survival in an attempt to characterize the expression profile of the DC markers. Higher MHC-II, CD80, CD86, CD83, and CD40 expression levels were detected on the surface of the cultured neutrophils for 24 h than on the freshly isolated cells. The annexin V-positive cells showed a higher expression level of the DC markers than the annexin V-negative cells. The population of neutrophils double stained with annexin V and the DC markers increased after being incubated with agonistic anti-Fas Ab. LPS, the anti-apoptotic compound, decreased the CD86 and MHC-II expression levels but 50-60% of the DC marker-positive cells were detected in the annexin V-positive cells. In contrast, CD80, CD86, CD83, and HLA-DR mRNA levels increased in the GM-CSF-treated neutrophils but not in the anti-Fas Ab-treated neutrophils. T cell proliferation was inhibited by co-culturing them with anti-Fas Ab- or LPS-treated neutrophils at a high neutrophil:T cell ratio. However, the superantigen-mediated T cell proliferation was increased by the LPS-treated neutrophils but decreased by the anti-Fas Ab-treated neutrophils. There was a lower level of interferon-gamma production in the T cells co-cultured with anti-Fas Ab-treated neutrophils than with the LPS-treated neutrophils. This suggests that apoptotic neutrophils express DC markers on their surface and the differential expression of DC markers might have a detrimental effect on the immune reaction.

Comparison of Transepidermal Water Loss, Capacitance and pH Values in the Skin between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Atopic dermatitis (AD), with the prevalence rate of around 10 to 15%, is characterized by an intensely pruritic skin lesions with typical distribution and morphology. Recently, AD is divided into extrinsic type (ADe) and intrinsic type (ADi) according to the laboratory findings and associated diseases. ADe is well-known for high IgE level, positive response to food- or aero-allergens, whereas ADi has clinically similar skin lesions and distribution patterns of AD with normal serum IgE levels, negative in vitro test for environmental or food allergens and without associated atopic diseases. To instrumentally evaluate the differences of skin involvement and functions between ADi and ADe, we checked the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance and pH in both types of childhood AD and age-matched control. The proportion of ADi was around 20% in all AD patients (10/51). Our experiment suggested possible differences between ADi and ADe. Antecubital fossa is a famous involvement site of childhood type of AD, where both types of AD patients showed higher TEWL and decreased capacitance. ADe patients showed increased TEWL in all sites and lower hydration in 4 sites, whereas ADi patients showed no significant differences of TEWL and hydration in forehead, cheek, and back of leg.

A Case of Apocrine Gland Carcinoma of The Axilla / 대한피부과학회지

Apocrine gland carcinoma is a rare form of sweat gland neoplasm. Although the region of the axilla remains the most common site for these tumors, apocrine gland carcinomas of the other regions have been reported. This is a tumor of adults with no evident prevalence for sex and race. Most patients have a history of a long-standing neoplasm before the diagnosis is made and a favorable outcome. A 33-year-old man showed an axillary nodule with regional lymph node enlargement. Histopathologic examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor was positive in immunohistochemical staining with CEA and BRST-2.

A Case of Leiomyoma Cutis on The Nipple / 대한피부과학회지

Leiomyoma cutis is a benign tumor originating from smooth-muscle fibers. It arises from the arrectores pilorum muscles of the skin, the lamina media of subcutaneous blood vessels, or dartoic muscle of the genital regions and nipples. Leiomyoma of the nipple is the less frequent type of cutaneous leiomyoma. We report a case of leiomyoma cutis on the nipple in a 40-year-old woman. She presented with asymptomatic macule on the nipple. On histopathologic examination, interlacing bundles of smooth muscle fibers were seen in the dermis.

A Case of Trichilemmal Carcinoma Showing a Feature of Cutaneous Horn

Trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the hair follicle, which is derived from or differentiates towards cells of the outer root sheath. We report a case of trichilemmal carcinoma in an 83-year-old female patient. She presented with a tender dome-shaped crusted papule showing a feature of cutaneous horn on the forehead, which was first detected 6 months before. nstopathologically, lobular patterned tumor cells with peripheral palisade of basaloid cells, nuclear atypia, and clear or pale, PAS-positive, diastase-sensitive cytoplasm were observed beneath the marked hyperkeratosis. After the diagnosis, total excision was done. The patient has been free of recurrence or metastasis till now.

A Case of Generalized Syringoma / 대한피부과학회지

Generalized syringoma is a rare variant of syringoma. In generalized syringoma, numerous papules arise in successive crops on the anterior surface of the body involving the chest, neck, and abdomen. It usually occurs in adolescents and young adults. Males and females are almost equally affected. A 19-year-old man presented with multiple 2-3mm sized papules on the chest, abdomen, and upper back. There was no subjective symptom. Family history showed that his mother had similar lesions. Histopathologic examination showed numerous eccrine ducts of various shapes and sizes lined by a double layer of squamous epithelium. Herein, we present a case of generalized syringoma with a review of the literature.

Three Cases of Livedoid Vasculitis Improved by Low-dose Danazol

Livedoid vasculitis is characterized clinically by smooth or depressed ivory-white scars surrounded by hyperpigmentation and telangiectasia with or without preceding purpuric in-filtrated papules and plaques and histologically by intravascular deposition of fibrin. Its pathophysiology is still obscure. Many treatment modalities have been used, but results are not satisfactory. Recently, there have been experiences of successful treatments with danazol, a synthetic androgen. We used danazol in three patients who presented with livedoid vasculitis and were relatively resistant to treatments with aspirin and/or pentoxifylline. After 4 to 8 weeks, there was remarkable clinical improvement in all three patients.

Clinical Features of Nervus Depigmentosus in 104 patients / 대한피부과학회지

No Abstract Available.

Two Cases of Steatocystoma Multiplex Localized on the Face / 대한피부과학회지

Steatocystoma multiplex is a hamartomatous malformation of the pilosebaceous duct junction. It is not common and inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. But numerous non-hereditary cases have been reported. It is characterized by asymptomatic numerous, skin-colored to yellowish cystic papules and nodules principally located on the anterior chest, epigastrium, axillae, groin, and proximal part of the extremities. We experienced two cases of steatocystoma multiplex localized on the face. The face is an unusual site in steatocystoma multiplex. One case is that of 33-year-old male with a family history, the other case is that of 66-year-old female. We report these two cases with the review of the previous literature.